¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “Then.”

² tn Grk “And after instructing the crowds to recline for a meal on the grass, after taking the five loaves and the two fish, after looking up to heaven, he gave thanks, and after breaking the loaves he gave them to the disciples.” Although most of the participles are undoubtedly attendant circumstance, there are but two indicative verbs – “he gave thanks” and “he gave.” The structure of the sentence thus seems to focus on these two actions and has been translated accordingly.

³ tn Grk “to the disciples, and the disciples to the crowds.”

⁴ tc ‡ Codex B and some Sahidic mss read simply ὄχλον (oclon, “crowd”), the reading that NA²⁷ follows; the first hand of א, as well as ˹ and a few others, has ὄχλους (oclous, “crowds”); other witnesses read πολὺν ὄχλον (polun oclon, “a large crowd”). But the reading most likely to be original seems to be πολλούς ὄχλους (pollou" oclou"). It is found in א² C L Θ 0233 ˹³ 33 Ï lat; it is judged to be superior on internal grounds (the possibility of accidental omission of πολλούς/πολύν in isolated witnesses) and, to a lesser extent, external grounds (geographically widespread, various texttypes). For reasons of English style, however, this phrase has been translated as “a large crowd.”

⁵ tn The phrase “of the lake” is not in the Greek text but is clearly implied; it has been supplied here for clarity.

⁶ tn Grk “And he.”

⁷ sn Unclean spirits refers to evil spirits.

⁸ tn Grk “and every [kind of] sickness.” Here “every” was not repeated in the translation for stylistic reasons.

⁹ tn Grk “put before.”

¹⁰ tn Grk “He set before them another parable, saying.” The participle λέγων (legwn) is redundant and has not been translated.

¹¹ sn The mustard seed was noted for its tiny size.

¹² tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

¹³ tn Grk “this last one,” translated as “this last man” because field laborers in 1st century Palestine were men.

¹⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.

¹⁵ sn A talent was equal to 6000 denarii. See the note on this term in 18:24.

¹⁶ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

¹⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.

¹⁸ sn Sour wine refers to cheap wine that was called in Latin posca, a cheap vinegar wine diluted heavily with water. It was the drink of slaves and soldiers, and was probably there for the soldiers who had performed the crucifixion.

¹⁹ tn Grk “a reed.”

²⁰ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.