¹ sn These statements look at persecution both from a Jewish context as the mention of courts and synagogues suggests, and from a Gentile one as the reference to governors and kings suggests. Some fulfillment of Jewish persecution can be seen in Acts.

² tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.

³ sn Judaism had a similar exhortation in 4 Macc 13:14-15.

⁴ sn See the note on the word hell in 5:22.