Discovery BoxLeviticus 5:15-16 
Context5:15 “When a person commits a trespass 1 and sins by straying unintentionally 2 from the regulations about the Lord’s holy things, 3 then he must bring his penalty for guilt 4 to the Lord, a flawless ram from the flock, convertible into silver shekels according to the standard of the sanctuary shekel, 5 for a guilt offering. 6 5:16 And whatever holy thing he violated 7 he must restore and must add one fifth to it and give it to the priest. So the priest will make atonement 8 on his behalf with the guilt offering ram and he will be forgiven.” 9
Leviticus 16:2
Context16:2 and the Lord said to Moses: “Tell Aaron your brother that he must not enter at any time into the holy place inside the veil-canopy 10 in front of the atonement plate 11 that is on the ark so that he may not die, for I will appear in the cloud over the atonement plate.
Leviticus 16:16-17
Context16:16 So 12 he is to make atonement for the holy place from the impurities of the Israelites and from their transgressions with regard to all their sins, 13 and thus he is to do for the Meeting Tent which resides with them in the midst of their impurities. 16:17 Nobody is to be in the Meeting Tent 14 when he enters to make atonement in the holy place until he goes out, and he has made atonement on his behalf, on behalf of his household, and on behalf of the whole assembly of Israel.
Leviticus 16:24
Context16:24 Then he must bathe his body in water in a holy place, put on his clothes, and go out and make his burnt offering and the people’s burnt offering. So he is to make atonement 15 on behalf of himself and the people. 16
Leviticus 16:27
Context16:27 The bull of the sin offering and the goat of the sin offering, whose blood was brought to make atonement in the holy place, must be brought outside the camp 17 and their hide, their flesh, and their dung must be burned up, 18
Leviticus 22:3-4
Context22:3 Say to them, ‘Throughout your generations, 19 if any man from all your descendants approaches the holy offerings which the Israelites consecrate 20 to the Lord while he is impure, 21 that person must be cut off from before me. 22 I am the Lord. 22:4 No man 23 from the descendants of Aaron who is diseased or has a discharge 24 may eat the holy offerings until he becomes clean. The one 25 who touches anything made unclean by contact with a dead person, 26 or a man who has a seminal emission, 27
Leviticus 23:3
Context23:3 “‘Six days work may be done, but on the seventh day there must be a Sabbath of complete rest, 28 a holy assembly. You must not do any work; it is a Sabbath to the Lord in all the places where you live.
Leviticus 23:36
Context23:36 For seven days you must present a gift to the Lord. On the eighth day there is to be a holy assembly for you, and you must present a gift to the Lord. It is a solemn assembly day; 29 you must not do any regular work.
1 tn Heb “trespasses a trespass” (verb and direct object from the same Hebrew root, מַעַל, ma’al); cf. NIV “commits a violation.” The word refers to some kind of overstepping of the boundary between that which is common (i.e., available for common use by common people) and that which is holy (i.e., to be used only for holy purposes because it has been consecrated to the
2 tn See Lev 4:2 above for a note on “straying.”
3 sn Heb “from the holy things of the
4 tn Here the word for “guilt” (אָשָׁם, ’asham) refers to the “penalty” for incurring guilt, the so-called consequential use of אָשָׁם (’asham; see J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:303).
5 tn Heb “in your valuation, silver of shekels, in the shekel of the sanctuary.” The translation offered here suggests that, instead of a ram, the guilt offering could be presented in the form of money (see, e.g., NRSV; J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:326-27). Others still maintain the view that it refers to the value of the ram that was offered (see, e.g., NIV “of the proper value in silver, according to the sanctuary shekel”; also NAB, NLT; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 72-73, 81).
sn The sanctuary shekel was about 10 grams (= ca. two fifths of an ounce; J. E. Shepherd, NIDOTTE 4:237-38).
6 tn The word for “guilt offering” (sometimes translated “reparation offering”) is the same as “guilt” earlier in the verse (rendered there “[penalty for] guilt”). One can tell which is intended only by the context.
sn The primary purpose of the guilt offering was to “atone” (see the note on Lev 1:4 above) for “trespassing” on the
7 tn Heb “and which he sinned from the holy thing.”
8 sn Regarding “make atonement” see the note on Lev 1:4.
9 tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).
10 tn Heb “into the holy place from house to the veil-canopy.” In this instance, the Hebrew term “the holy place” refers to “the most holy place” (lit. “holy of holies”), since it is the area “inside the veil-canopy” (cf. Exod 26:33-34). The Hebrew term פָּרֹכֶת (parokhet) is usually translated “veil” or “curtain,” but it seems to have stretched not only in front of but also over the top of the ark of the covenant which stood behind and under it inside the most holy place, and thus formed more of a canopy than simply a curtain (see R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 3:687-89).
11 tn Heb “to the faces of the atonement plate.” The exact meaning of the Hebrew term כַּפֹּרֶת (kapporet) here rendered “atonement plate” is much debated. The traditional “mercy seat” (KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV) does not suit the cognate relationship between this term and the Piel verb כִּפֶּר (kipper, “to make atonement, to make expiation”). The translation of the word should also reflect the fact that the most important atonement procedures on the Day of Atonement were performed in relation to it. Since the
12 tn Heb “And.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have resultative or even inferential force here.
13 tn Heb “to all their sins.”
14 tn Heb “And all man shall not be in the tent of meeting.” The term for “a man, human being” (אָדָם, ’adam; see the note on Lev 1:2) refers to any person among “mankind,” male or female.
15 tn Heb “And he shall make atonement.”
16 tn Heb “on behalf of himself and on behalf of the people.” After “on behalf of himself” the LXX adds the expected “and on behalf of his household” (cf. vv. 6, 11, and 17).
17 tn Heb “he shall bring into from outside to the camp.”
18 tn Heb “they shall burn with fire”; KJV “burn in the fire.” Because “to burn with fire” is redundant in contemporary English the present translation simply has “must be burned up.”
19 tn Heb “To your generations.”
20 tn The Piel (v. 2) and Hiphil (v. 3) forms of the verb קָדַשׁ (qadash) appear to be interchangeable in this context. Both mean “to consecrate” (Heb “make holy [or “sacred”]”).
21 tn Heb “and his impurity [is] on him”; NIV “is ceremonially unclean”; NAB, NRSV “while he is in a state of uncleanness.”
22 sn Regarding the “cut off” penalty, see the note on Lev 7:20. Cf. the interpretive translation of TEV “he can never again serve at the altar.”
23 tn Heb “Man man.” The reduplication is a way of saying “any man” (cf. Lev 15:2; 17:3, etc.), but with a negative command it means “No man” (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 147).
24 sn The diseases and discharges mentioned here are those described in Lev 13-15.
25 tn Heb “And the one.”
26 tn Heb “in all unclean of a person/soul”; for the Hebrew term נֶפֶשׁ (nefesh) meaning “a [dead] person,” see the note on Lev 19:28.
27 tn Heb “or a man who goes out from him a lying of seed.”
28 tn This is a superlative expression, emphasizing the full and all inclusive rest of the Sabbath and certain festival times throughout the chapter (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 155). Cf. ASV “a sabbath of solemn rest.”
29 tn The Hebrew term עֲצֶרֶת (’atseret) “solemn assembly [day]” derives from a root associated with restraint or closure. It could refer either to the last day as “closing assembly” day of the festival (e.g., NIV) or a special day of restraint expressed in a “solemn assembly” (e.g., NRSV); cf. NLT “a solemn closing assembly.”
