Discovery BoxLeviticus 4:13 
Context4:13 “‘If the whole congregation of Israel strays unintentionally 1 and the matter is not noticed by 2 the assembly, and they violate one of the Lord’s commandments, which must not be violated, 3 so they become guilty,
Leviticus 6:7
Context6:7 So the priest will make atonement 4 on his behalf before the Lord and he will be forgiven 5 for whatever he has done to become guilty.” 6
Leviticus 8:28
Context8:28 Moses then took them from their palms and offered them up in smoke on the altar 7 on top of the burnt offering – they were an ordination offering for a soothing aroma; it was a gift to the Lord.
Leviticus 11:26
Context11:26 “‘All 8 animals that divide the hoof but it is not completely split in two 9 and do not chew the cud 10 are unclean to you; anyone who touches them becomes unclean. 11
Leviticus 11:29
Context11:29 “‘Now this is what is unclean to you among the swarming things that swarm on the land: 12 the rat, the mouse, the large lizard of any kind,
Leviticus 11:33
Context11:33 As for any clay vessel they fall into, 13 everything in it 14 will become unclean and you must break it.
Leviticus 15:3
Context15:3 Now this is his uncleanness in regard to his discharge 15 – whether his body secretes his discharge or blocks his discharge, he is unclean. All the days that his body has a discharge or his body blocks his discharge, 16 this is his uncleanness. 17
Leviticus 20:4
Context20:4 If, however, the people of the land shut their eyes 18 to that man 19 when he gives some of his children to Molech so that they do not put him to death,
Leviticus 20:9
Context20:9 “‘If anyone 21 curses his father and mother 22 he must be put to death. He has cursed his father and mother; his blood guilt is on himself. 23
Leviticus 26:8
Context26:8 Five of you will pursue a hundred, and a hundred of you will pursue ten thousand, and your enemies will fall before you by the sword.
Leviticus 26:33
Context26:33 I will scatter you among the nations and unsheathe the sword 24 after you, so your land will become desolate and your cities will become a waste.
Leviticus 26:45
Context26:45 I will remember for them the covenant with their ancestors 25 whom I brought out from the land of Egypt in the sight of the nations to be their God. I am the Lord.’”
Leviticus 27:10
Context27:10 He must not replace or exchange it, good for bad or bad for good, and if he does indeed exchange one animal for another animal, then both the original animal 26 and its substitute will be holy.
1 tn Heb “strays”; KJV “sin through ignorance.” The verb “strays” here is the verbal form of the noun in the expression “by straying” (see the note on Lev 4:2 above).
2 tn Heb “is concealed from the eyes of”; NASB, NRSV, NLT “escapes the notice of.”
3 tn Heb “and they do one from all the commandments of the
4 sn Regarding “make atonement” see the note on Lev 1:4.
5 tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).
6 tn Heb “on one from all which he does to become guilty in it”; NAB “whatever guilt he may have incurred.”
7 tn Heb “toward the altar” (see the note on Lev 1:9).
8 tn Heb “to all” (cf. the note on v. 24). This and the following verses develop more fully the categories of uncleanness set forth in principle in vv. 24-25.
9 tn Heb “divides hoof and cleft it does not cleave”; KJV “divideth the hoof, and is not clovenfooted”; NLT “divided but unsplit hooves.”
10 tn See the note on Lev 11:3.
11 sn Compare the regulations in Lev 11:2-8.
12 tn For zoological analyses of the list of creatures in vv. 29-30, see J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:671-72; and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 161-62.
13 tn Heb “And any earthenware vessel which shall fall from them into its midst.”
14 tn Heb “all which is in its midst.”
15 tn The LXX has “this the law of his uncleanness…” (cf. v. 32 and compare, e.g., 13:59; 14:2, 56).
16 tc Smr, LXX, and the Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll from Qumran (11QpaleoLev; Fragment G contains Lev 14:52-15:5 and 16:2-4, and agrees with the LXX of Lev 15:3b) are in essential (although not complete) agreement against the MT in Lev 15:3b and are to be preferred in this case. The shorter MT text has probably arisen due to a lengthy haplography. See K. A. Mathews, “The Leviticus Scroll (11QpaleoLev) and the Text of the Hebrew Bible,” CBQ 48 (1986): 177-78, 198; D. N. Freedman, “Variant Readings in the Leviticus Scroll from Qumran Cave 11,” CBQ 36 (1974): 528-29; D. N. Freedman and K. A. Mathews, The Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll, 32. The MT of Lev 15:3 reads: “Now this is his uncleanness in [regard to] his discharge – whether his body secretes his discharge or blocks his discharge, this is his uncleanness.” Smr adds after MT’s “blocks his discharge” the following: “he is unclean; all the days that his body has a discharge or his body blocks his discharge, this is his uncleanness.” Thus, the MT appears to skip from Smr טמא הוא “he is unclean” in the middle of the verse to יא/טמאתו הו “this is his uncleanness” at the end of the verse, leaving out “he is unclean; all the days that his body has a discharge or his body blocks his discharge” (cf. the BHS footnote). 11Q1 (paleoLeva frag. G) is indeed fragmentary, but it does have ימי ז בו כל “…in him, all the days of the fl[ow],” supporting Smr and LXX tradition. The LXX adds after MT “blocks his discharge” the following: “all the days of the flow of his body, by which his body is affected by the flow,” followed by “it is his uncleanness” (i.e., the last two words of the MT).
sn The contrast between the dripping or flowing from the male sexual member as opposed to there being a blockage is important. One might not understand that even though a blockage actually causes a lack of discharge, it is still unclean.
17 tn Heb “it is his uncleanness,” but the last clause recapitulates the effect of the first clause in this verse, both of which introduce the regulations for such uncleanness in the following verses. In other words, whether his discharge flows from his penis or is blocked in it, he is still unclean and must proceed according to the following regulations (vv. 4ff).
18 tn Heb “And if shutting [infinitive absolute] they shut [finite verb].” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p.
19 tn Heb “from that man” (so ASV); NASB “disregard that man.”
20 sn Compare the regulations in Lev 18:6-23.
21 tn Heb “If a man a man who.”
22 tn Heb “makes light of his father and his mother.” Almost all English versions render this as some variation of “curses his father or mother.”
23 tn Heb “his blood [plural] is in him.” Cf. NAB “he has forfeited his life”; TEV “is responsible for his own death.”
sn The rendering “blood guilt” refers to the fact that the shedding of blood brings guilt on those who shed it illegitimately (even the blood of animals shed illegitimately, Lev 17:4; cf. the background of Gen 4:10-11). If the community performs a legitimate execution, however, the blood guilt rests on the person who has been legitimately executed (see the remarks and literature cited in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 328).
24 tn Heb “and I will empty sword” (see HALOT 1228 s.v. ריק 3).
25 tn Heb “covenant of former ones.”
sn For similar expressions referring back to the ancestors who refused to follow the stipulations of the Mosaic covenant see, for example, Deut 19:14, Jer 11:10, and Ps 79:8 (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 192, and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 471).
26 tn Heb “it and its substitute.” The referent (the original animal offered) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
