Discovery BoxJohn 1:48-51 
Context1:48 Nathanael asked him, “How do you know me?” Jesus replied, 1 “Before Philip called you, when you were under the fig tree, 2 I saw you.” 1:49 Nathanael answered him, “Rabbi, you are the Son of God; you are the king 3 of Israel!” 4 1:50 Jesus said to him, 5 “Because I told you that I saw you under the fig tree, do you believe? You will see greater things than these.” 6 1:51 He continued, 7 “I tell all of you the solemn truth 8 – you will see heaven opened and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man.” 9
1 tn Grk “answered and said to him.” This is somewhat redundant in English and has been simplified in the translation to “replied.”
2 sn Many have speculated about what Nathanael was doing under the fig tree. Meditating on the Messiah who was to come? A good possibility, since the fig tree was used as shade for teaching or studying by the later rabbis (Ecclesiastes Rabbah 5:11). Also, the fig tree was symbolic for messianic peace and plenty (Mic 4:4, Zech 3:10.)
3 tn Although βασιλεύς (basileus) lacks the article it is definite due to contextual and syntactical considerations. See ExSyn 263.
4 sn Nathanael’s confession – You are the Son of God; you are the King of Israel – is best understood as a confession of Jesus’ messiahship. It has strong allusions to Ps 2:6-7, a well-known messianic psalm. What Nathanael’s exact understanding was at this point is hard to determine, but “son of God” was a designation for the Davidic king in the OT, and Nathanael parallels it with King of Israel here.
5 tn Grk “answered and said to him.” This has been simplified in the translation to “said to him.”
6 sn What are the greater things Jesus had in mind? In the narrative this forms an excellent foreshadowing of the miraculous signs which began at Cana of Galilee.
7 tn Grk “and he said to him.”
8 tn Grk “Truly, truly, I say to you.”
9 sn The title Son of Man appears 13 times in John’s Gospel. It is associated especially with the themes of crucifixion (3:14; 8:28), revelation (6:27; 6:53), and eschatological authority (5:27; 9:35). The title as used in John’s Gospel has for its background the son of man figure who appears in Dan 7:13-14 and is granted universal regal authority. Thus for the author, the emphasis in this title is not on Jesus’ humanity, but on his heavenly origin and divine authority.
