Discovery BoxJoel 3:12-17 
Context3:12 Let the nations be roused and let them go up
to the valley of Jehoshaphat,
for there I will sit in judgment on all the surrounding nations.
3:13 Rush forth with 1 the sickle, for the harvest is ripe!
Come, stomp the grapes, 2 for the winepress is full!
The vats overflow.
Indeed, their evil is great! 3
3:14 Crowds, great crowds are in the valley of decision,
for the day of the Lord is near in the valley of decision! 4
3:15 The sun and moon are darkened;
the stars withhold 5 their brightness.
3:16 The Lord roars from Zion;
from Jerusalem 6 his voice bellows out. 7
The heavens 8 and the earth shake.
But the Lord is a refuge for his people;
he is a stronghold for the citizens 9 of Israel.
3:17 You will be convinced 10 that I the Lord am your God,
dwelling on Zion, my holy mountain.
Jerusalem 11 will be holy –
conquering armies 12 will no longer pass through it.
1 tn Heb “send.”
2 tn Heb “go down” or “tread.” The Hebrew term רְדוּ (rÿdu) may be from יָרַד (yarad, “to go down”) or from רָדָה (radah, “have dominion,” here in the sense of “to tread”). If it means “go down,” the reference would be to entering the vat to squash the grapes. If it means “tread,” the verb would refer specifically to the action of those who walk over the grapes to press out their juice. The phrase “the grapes” is supplied in the translation for clarity.
3 sn The immediacy of judgment upon wickedness is likened to the urgency required for a harvest that has reached its pinnacle of development. When the harvest is completely ripe, there can be no delay by the reapers in gathering the harvest. In a similar way, Joel envisions a time when human wickedness will reach such a heightened degree that there can be no further stay of divine judgment (cf. the “fullness of time” language in Gal 4:4).
4 sn The decision referred to here is not a response on the part of the crowd, but the verdict handed out by the divine judge.
5 tn Heb “gather in.”
6 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
7 tn Heb “he sounds forth his voice.”
8 tn Or “the sky.” See the note on “sky” in 2:30.
9 tn Heb “sons.”
10 tn Heb “know.”
11 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
12 tn Heb “strangers” or “foreigners.” In context, this refers to invasions by conquering armies.
