Discovery BoxIsaiah 28:15 
Context28:15 For you say,
“We have made a treaty with death,
with Sheol 1 we have made an agreement. 2
When the overwhelming judgment sweeps by 3
it will not reach us.
For we have made a lie our refuge,
we have hidden ourselves in a deceitful word.” 4
Isaiah 28:18
Context28:18 Your treaty with death will be dissolved; 5
your agreement 6 with Sheol will not last. 7
When the overwhelming judgment sweeps by, 8
you will be overrun by it. 9
1 sn Sheol is the underworld, land of the dead, according to the OT world view.
2 tn Elsewhere the noun חֹזֶה (khozeh) refers to a prophet who sees visions. In v. 18 the related term חָזוּת (khazut, “vision”) is used. The parallelism in both verses (note “treaty”) seems to demand a meaning “agreement” for both nouns. Perhaps חֹזֶה and חזוּת are used in a metonymic sense in vv. 15 and 18. Another option is to propose a homonymic root. See J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah (NICOT), 1:514, and HALOT 301 s.v. II חֹזֶה.
3 tn Heb “the overwhelming scourge, when it passes by” (NRSV similar).
4 sn “Lie” and “deceitful word” would not be the terms used by the people. They would likely use the words “promise” and “reliable word,” but the prophet substitutes “lie” and “deceitful word” to emphasize that this treaty with death will really prove to be disappointing.
5 tn On the meaning of כָּפַר (kafar) in this context, see HALOT 494 s.v. I כפר and J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah (NICOT), 1:515, n. 9.
6 tn Normally the noun חָזוּת (khazut) means “vision.” See the note at v. 15.
7 tn Or “will not stand” (NIV, NRSV).
9 tn Heb “you will become a trampling place for it.”
