Discovery BoxIsaiah 14:9 
Context14:9 Sheol 1 below is stirred up about you,
ready to meet you when you arrive.
It rouses 2 the spirits of the dead for you,
all the former leaders of the earth; 3
it makes all the former kings of the nations
rise from their thrones. 4
Isaiah 51:13
Context51:13 Why do you forget 5 the Lord, who made you,
who stretched out the sky 6
and founded the earth?
Why do you constantly tremble all day long 7
at the anger of the oppressor,
when he makes plans to destroy?
Where is the anger of the oppressor? 8
Isaiah 65:16
Context65:16 Whoever pronounces a blessing in the earth 9
will do so in the name of the faithful God; 10
whoever makes an oath in the earth
will do so in the name of the faithful God. 11
For past problems will be forgotten;
I will no longer think about them. 12
1 sn Sheol is the proper name of the subterranean world which was regarded as the land of the dead.
2 tn Heb “arousing.” The form is probably a Polel infinitive absolute, rather than a third masculine singular perfect, for Sheol is grammatically feminine (note “stirred up”). See GKC 466 §145.t.
3 tn Heb “all the rams of the earth.” The animal epithet is used metaphorically here for leaders. See HALOT 903 s.v. *עַתּוּד.
4 tn Heb “lifting from their thrones all the kings of the nations.” הֵקִים (heqim, a Hiphil perfect third masculine singular) should be emended to an infinitive absolute (הָקֵים, haqem). See the note on “rouses” earlier in the verse.
5 tn Heb “and that you forget.”
6 tn Or “the heavens” (also in v. 16). The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.
7 tn Heb “and that you tremble constantly all the day.”
8 tn The question anticipates the answer, “Ready to disappear!” See v. 14.
9 tn Or “in the land” (NIV, NCV, NRSV). The same phrase occurs again later in this verse, with the same options.
10 tn Heb “will pronounce a blessing by the God of truth.”
11 tn Heb “will take an oath by the God of truth.”
12 tn Heb “for the former distresses will be forgotten, and they will be hidden from my eyes.”
