Discovery BoxIsaiah 14:18 
Context14:18 1 As for all the kings of the nations,
all of them 2 lie down in splendor, 3
each in his own tomb. 4
Isaiah 24:21
Context24:21 At that time 5 the Lord will punish 6
the heavenly forces in the heavens 7
and the earthly kings on the earth.
Isaiah 37:13
Context37:13 Where are the king of Hamath, the king of Arpad, and the kings of Lair, 8 Sepharvaim, Hena, and Ivvah?’”
Isaiah 37:18
Context37:18 It is true, Lord, that the kings of Assyria have destroyed all the nations 9 and their lands.
1 sn It is unclear where the quotation of the kings, begun in v. 10b, ends. However, the reference to the “kings of the nations” in v. 18 (see also v. 9) seems to indicate that the quotation has ended at this point and that Israel’s direct taunt (cf. vv. 4b-10a) has resumed. In fact the references to the “kings of the nations” may form a stylistic inclusio or frame around the quotation.
2 tc The phrase “all of them” does not appear in the Qumran scroll 1QIsaa.
3 sn This refers to the typically extravagant burial of kings.
4 tn Heb “house” (so KJV, ASV), but in this context a tomb is in view. Note the verb “lie down” in the preceding line and the reference to a “grave” in the next line.
5 tn Or “in that day” (so KJV). The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.
6 tn Heb “visit [in judgment].”
7 tn Heb “the host of the height in the height.” The “host of the height/heaven” refers to the heavenly luminaries (stars and planets, see, among others, Deut 4:19; 17:3; 2 Kgs 17:16; 21:3, 5; 23:4-5; 2 Chr 33:3, 5) that populate the divine/heavenly assembly in mythological and prescientific Israelite thought (see Job 38:7; Isa 14:13).
8 sn Lair was a city located in northeastern Babylon. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 235.
9 tn The Hebrew text here has “all the lands,” but the parallel text in 2 Kgs 19:17 has “the nations.”
