Discovery BoxIsaiah 13:19 
Context13:19 Babylon, the most admired 1 of kingdoms,
the Chaldeans’ source of honor and pride, 2
will be destroyed by God
just as Sodom and Gomorrah were. 3
Isaiah 14:4
Context14:4 you will taunt the king of Babylon with these words: 4
“Look how the oppressor has met his end!
Hostility 5 has ceased!
Isaiah 39:7
Context39:7 ‘Some of your very own descendants whom you father 6 will be taken away and will be made eunuchs in the palace of the king of Babylon.’”
Isaiah 48:20
Context48:20 Leave Babylon!
Flee from the Babylonians!
Announce it with a shout of joy!
Make this known!
Proclaim it throughout the earth! 7
Say, ‘The Lord protects 8 his servant Jacob.
1 tn Or “most beautiful” (NCV, TEV).
2 tn Heb “the beauty of the pride of the Chaldeans.”
sn The Chaldeans were a group of tribes who lived in southern Mesopotamia. The established the so-called neo-Babylonian empire in the late seventh century
3 tn Heb “and Babylon…will be like the overthrow by God of Sodom and Gomorrah.” On מַהְפֵּכַת (mahpekhat, “overthrow”) see the note on the word “destruction” in 1:7.
4 tn Heb “you will lift up this taunt over the king of Babylon, saying.”
5 tc The word in the Hebrew text (מַדְהֵבָה, madhevah) is unattested elsewhere and of uncertain meaning. Many (following the Qumran scroll 1QIsaa) assume a dalet-resh (ד-ר) confusion and emend the form to מַרְהֵבָה (marhevah, “onslaught”). See HALOT 548 s.v. II *מִדָּה and HALOT 633 s.v. *מַרְהֵבָה.
6 tn Heb “Some of your sons, who go out from you, whom you father.”
7 tn Heb “to the end of the earth” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV).
