Discovery BoxIsaiah 10:12 
Context10:12 But when 1 the sovereign master 2 finishes judging 3 Mount Zion and Jerusalem, then I 4 will punish the king of Assyria for what he has proudly planned and for the arrogant attitude he displays. 5
Isaiah 13:11
Context13:11 6 I will punish the world for its evil, 7
and wicked people for their sin.
I will put an end to the pride of the insolent,
I will bring down the arrogance of tyrants. 8
Isaiah 27:1
Context27:1 At that time 9 the Lord will punish
with his destructive, 10 great, and powerful sword
Leviathan the fast-moving 11 serpent,
Leviathan the squirming serpent;
he will kill the sea monster. 12
Isaiah 65:7
Context65:7 for your sins and your ancestors’ sins,” 13 says the Lord.
“Because they burned incense on the mountains
and offended 14 me on the hills,
I will punish them in full measure.” 15
1 tn The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.
2 tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here and in vv. 16, 23, 24, 33 is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).
3 tn Heb “his work on/against.” Cf. NAB, NASB, NRSV “on”; NIV “against.”
4 tn The Lord is speaking here, as in vv. 5-6a.
5 tn Heb “I will visit [judgment] on the fruit of the greatness of the heart of the king of Assyria, and on the glory of the height of his eyes.” The proud Assyrian king is likened to a large, beautiful fruit tree.
6 sn The Lord is definitely speaking (again?) at this point. See the note at v. 4.
7 tn Or “I will bring disaster on the world.” Hebrew רָעָה (ra’ah) could refer to the judgment (i.e., disaster, calamity) or to the evil that prompts it. The structure of the parallel line favors the latter interpretation.
8 tn Or perhaps, “the violent”; cf. NASB, NIV “the ruthless.”
9 tn Heb “in that day” (so KJV).
10 tn Heb “hard, severe”; cf. NAB, NRSV “cruel”; KJV “sore”; NLT “terrible.”
11 tn Heb “fleeing” (so NAB, NASB, NRSV). Some translate “slippery” or “slithering.”
12 tn The description of Leviathan should be compared with the following excerpts from Ugaritic mythological texts: (1) “Was not the dragon (Ugaritic tnn, cognate with Hebrew תַנִּין [tannin, translated “sea monster” here]) vanquished and captured? I did destroy the wriggling (Ugaritic ’qltn, cognate to Hebrew עֲקַלָּתוֹן [’aqallaton, translated “squirming” here]) serpent, the tyrant with seven heads (cf. Ps 74:14).” (See CTA 3 iii 38-39.) (2) “for all that you smote Leviathan the slippery (Ugaritic brh, cognate to Hebrew בָּרִחַ [bariakh, translated “fast-moving” here]) serpent, [and] made an end of the wriggling serpent, the tyrant with seven heads” (See CTA 5 i 1-3.)
sn In the Ugaritic mythological texts Leviathan is a sea creature that symbolizes the destructive water of the sea and in turn the forces of chaos that threaten the established order. Isaiah here applies imagery from Canaanite mythology to Yahweh’s eschatological victory over his enemies. Elsewhere in the OT, the battle with the sea motif is applied to Yahweh’s victories over the forces of chaos at creation and in history (cf. Pss 74:13-14; 77:16-20; 89:9-10; Isa 51:9-10). Yahweh’s subjugation of the chaos waters is related to His kingship (cf. Pss 29:3, 10; 93:3-4). Apocalyptic literature employs the imagery as well. The beasts of Dan 7 emerge from the sea, while Rev 13 speaks of a seven-headed beast coming from the sea.
13 tn Heb “the iniquities of your fathers.”
14 tn Or perhaps, “taunted”; KJV “blasphemed”; NAB “disgraced”; NASB “scorned”; NIV “defied”; NRSV “reviled.”
15 tn Heb “I will measure out their pay [from the] beginning into their lap,” i.e., he will give them everything they have earned.
