Discovery BoxIsaiah 1:26 
Context1:26 I will reestablish honest judges as in former times,
wise advisers as in earlier days. 1
Then you will be called, ‘The Just City,
Faithful Town.’”
Isaiah 5:10
Context5:10 Indeed, a large vineyard 2 will produce just a few gallons, 3
and enough seed to yield several bushels 4 will produce less than a bushel.” 5
Isaiah 13:19
Context13:19 Babylon, the most admired 6 of kingdoms,
the Chaldeans’ source of honor and pride, 7
will be destroyed by God
just as Sodom and Gomorrah were. 8
Isaiah 36:5
Context36:5 Your claim to have a strategy and military strength is just empty talk. 9 In whom are you trusting, that you would dare to rebel against me?
Isaiah 36:17
Context36:17 until I come and take you to a land just like your own – a land of grain and new wine, a land of bread and vineyards.
Isaiah 52:14
Context52:14 (just as many were horrified by the sight of you) 10
he was so disfigured 11 he no longer looked like a man; 12
Isaiah 55:9
Context55:9 for just as the sky 13 is higher than the earth,
so my deeds 14 are superior to 15 your deeds
and my plans 16 superior to your plans.
1 tn Heb “I will restore your judges as in the beginning; and your counselors as in the beginning.” In this context, where social injustice and legal corruption are denounced (see v. 23), the “judges” are probably government officials responsible for making legal decisions, while the “advisers” are probably officials who helped the king establish policies. Both offices are also mentioned in 3:2.
2 tn Heb “a ten-yoke vineyard.” The Hebrew term צֶמֶד (tsemed, “yoke”) is here a unit of square measure. Apparently a ten-yoke vineyard covered the same amount of land it would take ten teams of oxen to plow in a certain period of time. The exact size is unknown.
3 tn Heb “one bath.” A bath was a liquid measure. Estimates of its modern equivalent range from approximately six to twelve gallons.
4 tn Heb “a homer.” A homer was a dry measure, the exact size of which is debated. Cf. NCV “ten bushels”; CEV “five bushels.”
5 tn Heb “an ephah.” An ephah was a dry measure; there were ten ephahs in a homer. So this verse envisions major crop failure, where only one-tenth of the anticipated harvest is realized.
6 tn Or “most beautiful” (NCV, TEV).
7 tn Heb “the beauty of the pride of the Chaldeans.”
sn The Chaldeans were a group of tribes who lived in southern Mesopotamia. The established the so-called neo-Babylonian empire in the late seventh century
8 tn Heb “and Babylon…will be like the overthrow by God of Sodom and Gomorrah.” On מַהְפֵּכַת (mahpekhat, “overthrow”) see the note on the word “destruction” in 1:7.
9 tn Heb “you say only a word of lips, counsel and might for battle.” Sennacherib’s message appears to be in broken Hebrew at this point. The phrase “word of lips” refers to mere or empty talk in Prov 14:23.
10 tn Some witnesses read “him,” which is more consistent with the context, where the servant is spoken about, not addressed. However, it is possible that the Lord briefly addresses the servant here. The present translation assumes the latter view and places the phrase in parentheses.
11 tn Heb “such was the disfigurement.” The noun מִשְׁחַת (mishkhat) occurs only here. It may be derived from the verbal root שָׁחַת (shakhat, “be ruined”; see BDB 1007-8 s.v. שָׁחַת). The construct form appears here before a prepositional phrase (cf. GKC 421 §130.a).
12 tn Heb “from a man his appearance.” The preposition מִן (min) here carries the sense “away from,” i.e., “so as not to be.” See BDB 583 s.v.
13 tn Or “the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.
14 tn Heb “ways” (so many English versions).
15 tn Heb “are higher than.”
16 tn Or “thoughts” (so many English versions).
