¹ sn The descendants of Elishah populated Cyprus.

² sn The descendants of Tarshish settled along the southern coast of what is modern Turkey. However, some identify the site Tarshish (see Jonah 1:3) with Sardinia or Spain.

³ sn The name Kittim is associated with Cyprus, as well as coastlands east of Rhodes. It is used in later texts to refer to the Romans.

⁴ tc Most of the MT mss read “Dodanim” here, but 1 Chr 1:7 has “Rodanim,” perhaps referring to the island of Rhodes. But the Qere reading in 1 Chr 1:7 suggests “Dodanim.” Dodona is one of the most ancient and revered spots in ancient Greece.

⁵ sn Mizraim is the Hebrew name for Egypt (cf. NRSV).

⁶ tn Heb “fathered.”

⁷ sn The Ludites were African tribes west of the Nile Delta.

⁸ sn The Anamites lived in North Africa, west of Egypt, near Cyrene.

⁹ sn The Lehabites are identified with the Libyans.

¹⁰ sn The Naphtuhites lived in Lower Egypt (the Nile Delta region).