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Galatians 4:3

Context
4:3 So also we, when we were minors, 1  were enslaved under the basic forces 2  of the world.

Galatians 4:8

Context
Heirs of Promise Are Not to Return to Law

4:8 Formerly when you did not know God, you were enslaved to beings that by nature are not gods at all. 3 

1 tn See the note on the word “minor” in 4:1.

2 tn Or “basic principles,” “elemental things,” or “elemental spirits.” Some interpreters take this as a reference to supernatural powers who controlled nature and/or human fate.

3 tn Grk “those that by nature…” with the word “beings” implied. BDAG 1070 s.v. φύσις 2 sees this as referring to pagan worship: “Polytheists worship…beings that are by nature no gods at all Gal 4:8.”



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