Discovery BoxGalatians 3:15-19 
Context3:15 Brothers and sisters, 1 I offer an example from everyday life: 2 When a covenant 3 has been ratified, 4 even though it is only a human contract, no one can set it aside or add anything to it. 3:16 Now the promises were spoken to Abraham and to his descendant. 5 Scripture 6 does not say, “and to the descendants,” 7 referring to many, but “and to your descendant,” 8 referring to one, who is Christ. 3:17 What I am saying is this: The law that came four hundred thirty years later does not cancel a covenant previously ratified by God, 9 so as to invalidate the promise. 3:18 For if the inheritance is based on the law, it is no longer based on the promise, but God graciously gave 10 it to Abraham through the promise.
3:19 Why then was the law given? 11 It was added 12 because of transgressions, 13 until the arrival of the descendant 14 to whom the promise had been made. It was administered 15 through angels by an intermediary. 16
1 tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:11.
2 tn Grk “I speak according to man,” referring to the illustration that follows.
3 tn The same Greek word, διαθήκη (diaqhkh), can mean either “covenant” or “will,” but in this context the former is preferred here because Paul is discussing in vv. 16-18 the Abrahamic covenant.
4 tn Or “has been put into effect.”
5 tn Grk “his seed,” a figurative extension of the meaning of σπέρμα (sperma) to refer to descendants (L&N 10.29).
6 tn Grk “It”; the referent (the scripture) has been specified in the translation for clarity. The understood subject of the verb λέγει (legei) could also be “He” (referring to God) as the one who spoke the promise to Abraham.
7 tn Grk “to seeds.” See the note on “descendant” earlier in this verse. Here the term is plural; the use of the singular in the OT text cited later in this verse is crucial to Paul’s argument.
8 tn See the note on “descendant” earlier in this verse.
sn A quotation from Gen 12:7; 13:15; 17:7; 24:7.
9 tc Most
10 tn On the translation “graciously gave” for χαρίζομαι (carizomai) see L&N 57.102.
11 tn Grk “Why then the law?”
12 tc For προσετέθη (proseteqh) several Western
13 tc παραδόσεων (paradosewn; “traditions, commandments”) is read by D*, while the vast majority of witnesses read παραβάσεων (parabasewn, “transgressions”). D’s reading makes little sense in this context. πράξεων (praxewn, “of deeds”) replaces παραβάσεων in Ì46 F G it Irlat Ambst Spec. The wording is best taken as going with νόμος (nomo"; “Why then the law of deeds?”), as is evident by the consistent punctuation in the later witnesses. But such an expression is unpauline and superfluous; it was almost certainly added by some early scribe(s) to soften the blow of Paul’s statement.
14 tn Grk “the seed.” See the note on the first occurrence of the word “descendant” in 3:16.
15 tn Or “was ordered.” L&N 31.22 has “was put into effect” here.
16 tn Many modern translations (NASB, NIV, NRSV) render this word (μεσίτης, mesith"; here and in v. 20) as “mediator,” but this conveys a wrong impression in contemporary English. If this is referring to Moses, he certainly did not “mediate” between God and Israel but was an intermediary on God’s behalf. Moses was not a mediator, for example, who worked for compromise between opposing parties. He instead was God’s representative to his people who enabled them to have a relationship, but entirely on God’s terms.
