Discovery BoxGalatians 1:11 
Context1:11 Now 1 I want you to know, brothers and sisters, 2 that the gospel I preached is not of human origin. 3
Galatians 4:8
Context4:8 Formerly when you did not know God, you were enslaved to beings that by nature are not gods at all. 4
Galatians 4:13
Context4:13 But you know it was because of a physical illness that I first proclaimed the gospel to you,
1 tc ‡ The conjunction δέ (de) is found in Ì46 א*,2 A D1 Ψ 1739 1881 Ï sy bo, while γάρ (gar) is the conjunction of choice in א1 B D*,c F G 33 pc lat sa. There are thus good representatives on each side. Scribes generally tended to prefer γάρ in such instances, most likely because it was more forceful and explicit. γάρ is thus seen as a motivated reading. For this reason, δέ is preferred.
2 tn Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” or “fellow Christians” as here (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 1, where considerable nonbiblical evidence for the plural ἀδελφοί [adelfoi] meaning “brothers and sisters” is cited).
3 tn Grk “is not according to man.”
4 tn Grk “those that by nature…” with the word “beings” implied. BDAG 1070 s.v. φύσις 2 sees this as referring to pagan worship: “Polytheists worship…beings that are by nature no gods at all Gal 4:8.”
