Discovery BoxEzra 4:7 
Context4:7 And during the reign 1 of Artaxerxes, Bishlam, 2 Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of their colleagues 3 wrote to King Artaxerxes 4 of Persia. This letter 5 was first written in Aramaic but then translated.
[Aramaic:] 6
Ezra 5:5
Context5:5 But God was watching over 7 the elders of Judah, and they were not stopped 8 until a report could be dispatched 9 to Darius and a letter could be sent back concerning this.
Ezra 5:12
Context5:12 But after our ancestors 10 angered the God of heaven, he delivered them into the hands 11 of King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon, the Chaldean, who destroyed this temple and exiled the people to Babylon. 12
Ezra 8:15
Context8:15 I had them assemble 13 at the canal 14 that flows toward Ahava, and we camped there for three days. I observed that the people and the priests were present, but I found no Levites there.
1 tn Heb “And in the days.”
2 tn The LXX understands this word as a prepositional phrase (“in peace”) rather than as a proper name (“Bishlam”). Taken this way it would suggest that Mithredath was “in agreement with” the contents of Tabeel’s letter. Some scholars regard the word in the MT to be a corruption of either “in Jerusalem” (i.e., “in the matter of Jerusalem”) or “in the name of Jerusalem.” The translation adopted above follows the traditional understanding of the word as a name.
3 tc The translation reads the plural with the Qere rather than the singular found in the MT Kethib.
4 sn Artaxerxes I ruled in Persia from ca. 465–425
5 tc It is preferable to delete the MT’s וּכְתָב (ukhÿtav) here.
6 sn The double reference in v. 7 to the Aramaic language is difficult. It would not make sense to say that the letter was written in Aramaic and then translated into Aramaic. Some interpreters understand the verse to mean that the letter was written in the Aramaic script and in the Aramaic language, but this does not seem to give sufficient attention to the participle “translated” at the end of the verse. The second reference to Aramaic in the verse is more probably a gloss that calls attention to the fact that the following verses retain the Aramaic language of the letter in its original linguistic form. A similar reference to Aramaic occurs in Dan 2:4b, where the language of that book shifts from Hebrew to Aramaic. Ezra 4:8–6:18 and 7:12-26 are written in Aramaic, whereas the rest of the book is written in Hebrew.
7 tn Aram “the eye of their God was on.” The idiom describes the attentive care that one exercises in behalf of the object of his concern.
8 tn Aram “they did not stop them.”
9 tn Aram “[could] go.” On this form see F. Rosenthal, Grammar, 58, §169.
10 tn Aram “fathers.”
11 tn Aram “hand” (singular).
12 sn A reference to the catastrophic events of 586
13 tn Or “I gathered them.”
