Discovery BoxExodus 9:34 
Context9:34 When Pharaoh saw 1 that the rain and hail and thunder ceased, he sinned again: 2 both he and his servants hardened 3 their hearts.
Exodus 25:11
Context25:11 You are to overlay 4 it with pure gold – both inside and outside you must overlay it, 5 and you are to make a surrounding border 6 of gold over it.
Exodus 26:24
Context26:24 At the two corners 7 they must be doubled at the lower end and finished together at the top in one ring. So it will be for both.
Exodus 36:29
Context36:29 At the two corners 8 they were doubled at the lower end and 9 finished together at the top in one ring. So he did for both.
1 tn The clause beginning with the preterite and vav (ו) consecutive is here subordinated to the next, and main clause – that he hardened his heart again.
2 tn The construction is another verbal hendiadys: וַיֹּסֶף לַחֲטֹּא (vayyosef lakhatto’), literally rendered “and he added to sin.” The infinitive construct becomes the main verb, and the Hiphil preterite becomes adverbial. The text is clearly interpreting as sin the hardening of Pharaoh’s heart and his refusal to release Israel. At the least this means that the plagues are his fault, but the expression probably means more than this – he was disobeying Yahweh God.
3 tn This phrase translates the Hebrew word כָּבֵד (kaved); see S. R. Driver, Exodus, 53.
4 tn The verbs throughout here are perfect tenses with the vav (ו) consecutives. They are equal to the imperfect tense of instruction and/or injunction.
5 tn Here the verb is an imperfect tense; for the perfect sequence to work the verb would have to be at the front of the clause.
6 tn The word זֵר (zer) is used only in Exodus and seems to describe something on the order of a crown molding, an ornamental border running at the top of the chest on all four sides. There is no indication of its appearance or function.
7 tn Heb “they will be for the two corners.” This is the last clause of the verse, moved forward for clarity.
8 tn This is the last phrase of the verse, moved forward for clarity.
9 tn This difficult verse uses the perfect tense at the beginning, and the second clause parallels it with יִהְיוּ (yihyu), which has to be taken here as a preterite without the consecutive vav (ו). The predicate “finished” or “completed” is the word תָּמִּים (tammim); it normally means “complete, sound, whole,” and related words describe the sacrifices as without blemish.
