Discovery BoxExodus 8:17 
Context8:17 They did so; Aaron extended his hand with his staff, he struck the dust of the ground, and it became gnats on people 1 and on animals. All the dust of the ground became gnats throughout all the land of Egypt.
Exodus 9:14
Context9:14 For this time I will send all my plagues 2 on your very self 3 and on your servants and your people, so that you may know that there is no one like me in all the earth.
Exodus 9:25
Context9:25 The hail struck everything in the open fields, both 4 people and animals, throughout all the land of Egypt. The hail struck everything that grows 5 in the field, and it broke all the trees of the field to pieces.
Exodus 10:13-14
Context10:13 So Moses extended his staff over the land of Egypt, and then the Lord 6 brought 7 an east wind on the land all that day and all night. 8 The morning came, 9 and the east wind had brought up 10 the locusts! 10:14 The locusts went up over all the land of Egypt and settled down in all the territory 11 of Egypt. It was very severe; 12 there had been no locusts like them before, nor will there be such ever again. 13
Exodus 11:8
Context11:8 All these your servants will come down to me and bow down 14 to me, saying, ‘Go, you and all the people who follow 15 you,’ and after that I will go out.” Then Moses 16 went out from Pharaoh in great anger.
Exodus 12:30
Context12:30 Pharaoh got up 17 in the night, 18 along with all his servants and all Egypt, and there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was no house 19 in which there was not someone dead.
Exodus 19:5
Context19:5 And now, if you will diligently listen to me 20 and keep 21 my covenant, then you will be my 22 special possession 23 out of all the nations, for all the earth is mine,
Exodus 33:10
Context33:10 When all the people would see the pillar of cloud standing at the entrance of the tent, all the people, each one at the entrance of his own tent, would rise and worship. 24
Exodus 35:22
Context35:22 They came, men and women alike, 25 all who had willing hearts. They brought brooches, earrings, rings and ornaments, all kinds of gold jewelry, 26 and everyone came who waved 27 a wave offering of gold to the Lord.
Exodus 38:3
Context38:3 He made all the utensils of the altar – the pots, the shovels, the tossing bowls, the meat hooks, and the fire pans – he made all its utensils of bronze.
Exodus 38:24
Context38:24 All the gold that was used for the work, in all the work of the sanctuary 28 (namely, 29 the gold of the wave offering) was twenty-nine talents and 730 shekels, 30 according to the sanctuary shekel.
Exodus 39:32
Context39:32 31 So all the work of the tabernacle, the tent of meeting, was completed, and the Israelites did according to all that the Lord had commanded Moses – they did it exactly so.
Exodus 40:38
Context40:38 For the cloud of the Lord was on the tabernacle by day, but fire would be 32 on it at night, in plain view 33 of all the house of Israel, throughout all their journeys.
1 tn Heb “man,” but in the generic sense of “humans” or “people” (also in v. 18).
2 tn The expression “all my plagues” points to the rest of the plagues and anticipates the proper outcome. Another view is to take the expression to mean the full brunt of the attack on the Egyptian people.
3 tn Heb “to your heart.” The expression is unusual, but it may be an allusion to the hard heartedness of Pharaoh – his stubbornness and blindness (B. Jacob, Exodus, 274).
4 tn The exact expression is “from man even to beast.” R. J. Williams lists this as an example of the inclusive use of the preposition מִן (min) to be rendered “both…and” (Hebrew Syntax, 57, §327).
5 tn Heb “all the cultivated grain of.”
6 tn The clause begins וַיהוָה (va’adonay [vayhvah], “Now Yahweh….”). In contrast to a normal sequence, this beginning focuses attention on Yahweh as the subject of the verb.
7 tn The verb נָהַג (nahag) means “drive, conduct.” It is elsewhere used for driving sheep, leading armies, or leading in processions.
8 tn Heb “and all the night.”
9 tn The text does not here use ordinary circumstantial clause constructions; rather, Heb “the morning was, and the east wind carried the locusts.” It clearly means “when it was morning,” but the style chosen gives a more abrupt beginning to the plague, as if the reader is in the experience – and at morning, the locusts are there!
10 tn The verb here is a past perfect, indicting that the locusts had arrived before the day came.
11 tn Heb “border.”
12 tn This is an interpretive translation. The clause simply has כָּבֵד מְאֹד (kaved mÿ’od), the stative verb with the adverb – “it was very heavy.” The description prepares for the following statement about the uniqueness of this locust infestation.
13 tn Heb “after them.”
14 sn Moses’ anger is expressed forcefully. “He had appeared before Pharaoh a dozen times either as God’s emissary or when summoned by Pharaoh, but he would not come again; now they would have to search him out if they needed help” (B. Jacob, Exodus, 289-90).
15 tn Heb “that are at your feet.”
16 tn Heb “and he”; the referent (Moses) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
17 tn Heb “arose,” the verb קוּם (qum) in this context certainly must describe a less ceremonial act. The entire country woke up in terror because of the deaths.
18 tn The noun is an adverbial accusative of time – “in the night” or “at night.”
19 sn Or so it seemed. One need not push this description to complete literalness. The reference would be limited to houses that actually had firstborn people or animals. In a society in which households might include more than one generation of humans and animals, however, the presence of a firstborn human or animal would be the rule rather than the exception.
20 tn Heb “listen to my voice.” The construction uses the imperfect tense in the conditional clause, preceded by the infinitive absolute from the same verb. The idiom “listen to the voice of” implies obedience, not just mental awareness of sound.
21 tn The verb is a perfect tense with vav (ו) consecutive; it continues the idea in the protasis of the sentence: “and [if you will] keep.”
22 tn The lamed preposition expresses possession here: “to me” means “my.”
23 tn The noun is סְגֻלָּה (sÿgullah), which means a special possession. Israel was to be God’s special possession, but the prophets will later narrow it to the faithful remnant. All the nations belong to God, but Israel was to stand in a place of special privilege and enormous responsibility. See Deut 7:6; 14:2; 26:18; Ps 135:4; and Mal 3:17. See M. Greenburg, “Hebrew sÿgulla: Akkadian sikiltu,” JAOS 71 (1951): 172ff.
24 tn All the main verbs in this verse are perfect tenses continuing the customary sequence (see GKC 337 §112.kk). The idea is that the people would get up (rise) when the cloud was there and then worship, meaning in part bow down. When the cloud was not there, there was access to seek God.
25 tn The expression in Hebrew is “men on/after the women,” meaning men with women, to ensure that it was clear that the preceding verse did not mean only men. B. Jacob takes it further, saying that the men came after the women because the latter had taken the initiative (Exodus, 1017).
26 tn Heb “all gold utensils.”
27 tn The verb could be translated “offered,” but it is cognate with the following noun that is the wave offering. This sentence underscores the freewill nature of the offerings people made. The word “came” is supplied from v. 21 and v. 22.
28 tn These words form the casus pendens, or independent nominative absolute, followed by the apodosis beginning with the vav (ו; see U. Cassuto, Exodus, 469).
29 tn Heb “and it was.”
30 sn There were 3000 shekels in a talent, and so the total weight here in shekels would be 87,730 shekels of gold. If the sanctuary shekel was 224 grs., then this was about 40,940 oz. troy. This is estimated to be a little over a ton (cf. NCV “over 2,000 pounds”; TEV “a thousand kilogrammes”; CEV “two thousand two hundred nine pounds”; NLT “about 2,200 pounds”), although other widely diverging estimates are also given.
31 sn The last sections of the book bring several themes together to a full conclusion. Not only is it the completion of the tabernacle, it is the fulfillment of God’s plan revealed at the beginning of the book, i.e., to reside with his people.
32 tn Here is another imperfect tense of the customary nuance.
33 tn Heb “to the eyes of all”; KJV, ASV, NASB “in the sight of all”; NRSV “before the eyes of all.”
