Discovery BoxExodus 4:11 
Context4:11 The Lord said to him, “Who gave 1 a mouth to man, or who makes a person mute or deaf or seeing or blind? Is it not I, the Lord? 2
Exodus 20:18
Context20:18 All the people were seeing 3 the thundering and the lightning, and heard 4 the sound of the horn, and saw 5 the mountain smoking – and when 6 the people saw it they trembled with fear 7 and kept their distance. 8
Exodus 22:10
Context22:10 If a man gives his neighbor a donkey or an ox or a sheep or any beast to keep, and it dies or is hurt 9 or is carried away 10 without anyone seeing it, 11
1 tn The verb שִׂים (sim) means “to place, put, set”; the sentence here more precisely says, “Who put a mouth into a man?”
sn The argumentation by Moses is here met by Yahweh’s rhetorical questions. They are intended to be sharp – it is reproof for Moses. The message is twofold. First, Yahweh is fully able to overcome all of Moses’ deficiencies. Second, Moses is exactly the way that God intended him to be. So the rhetorical questions are meant to prod Moses’ faith.
2 sn The final question obviously demands a positive answer. But the clause is worded in such a way as to return to the theme of “I AM.” Isaiah 45:5-7 developed this same idea of God’s control over life. Moses protests that he is not an eloquent speaker, and the
3 tn The participle is used here for durative action in the past time (GKC 359 §116.o).
4 tn The verb “to see” (רָאָה, ra’ah) refers to seeing with all the senses, or perceiving. W. C. Kaiser suggests that this is an example of the figure of speech called zeugma because the verb “saw” yokes together two objects, one that suits the verb and the other that does not. So, the verb “heard” is inserted here to clarify (“Exodus,” EBC 2:427).
5 tn The verb “saw” is supplied here because it is expected in English (see the previous note on “heard”).
6 tn The preterite with vav (ו) consecutive is here subordinated as a temporal clause to the following clause, which receives the prominence.
7 tn The meaning of נוּעַ (nua’) is “to shake, sway to and fro” in fear. Compare Isa 7:2 – “and his heart shook…as the trees of the forest shake with the wind.”
8 tn Heb “and they stood from/at a distance.”
9 tn The form is a Niphal participle from the verb “to break” – “is broken,” which means harmed, maimed, or hurt in any way.
10 tn This verb is frequently used with the meaning “to take captive.” The idea here then is that raiders or robbers have carried off the animal.
11 tn Heb “there is no one seeing.”
