Discovery BoxExodus 19:5 
Context19:5 And now, if you will diligently listen to me 1 and keep 2 my covenant, then you will be my 3 special possession 4 out of all the nations, for all the earth is mine,
Exodus 24:7-8
Context24:7 He took the Book of the Covenant 5 and read it aloud 6 to the people, and they said, “We are willing to do and obey 7 all that the Lord has spoken.” 24:8 So Moses took the blood and splashed it on 8 the people and said, “This is the blood of the covenant 9 that the Lord has made with you in accordance with all these words.”
Exodus 34:15
Context34:15 Be careful 10 not to make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, for when 11 they prostitute themselves 12 to their gods and sacrifice to their gods, and someone invites you, 13 you will eat from his sacrifice;
Exodus 34:28
Context34:28 So he was there with the Lord forty days and forty nights; 14 he did not eat bread, and he did not drink water. He wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, the ten commandments. 15
1 tn Heb “listen to my voice.” The construction uses the imperfect tense in the conditional clause, preceded by the infinitive absolute from the same verb. The idiom “listen to the voice of” implies obedience, not just mental awareness of sound.
2 tn The verb is a perfect tense with vav (ו) consecutive; it continues the idea in the protasis of the sentence: “and [if you will] keep.”
3 tn The lamed preposition expresses possession here: “to me” means “my.”
4 tn The noun is סְגֻלָּה (sÿgullah), which means a special possession. Israel was to be God’s special possession, but the prophets will later narrow it to the faithful remnant. All the nations belong to God, but Israel was to stand in a place of special privilege and enormous responsibility. See Deut 7:6; 14:2; 26:18; Ps 135:4; and Mal 3:17. See M. Greenburg, “Hebrew sÿgulla: Akkadian sikiltu,” JAOS 71 (1951): 172ff.
5 tn The noun “book” would be the scroll just written containing the laws of chaps. 20-23. On the basis of this scroll the covenant would be concluded here. The reading of this book would assure the people that it was the same that they had agreed to earlier. But now their statement of willingness to obey would be more binding, because their promise would be confirmed by a covenant of blood.
6 tn Heb “read it in the ears of.”
7 tn A second verb is now added to the people’s response, and it is clearly an imperfect and not a cohortative, lending support for the choice of desiderative imperfect in these commitments – “we want to obey.” This was their compliance with the covenant.
8 tn Given the size of the congregation, the preposition might be rendered here “toward the people” rather than on them (all).
9 sn The construct relationship “the blood of the covenant” means “the blood by which the covenant is ratified” (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 254). The parallel with the inauguration of the new covenant in the blood of Christ is striking (see, e.g., Matt 26:28, 1 Cor 11:25). When Jesus was inaugurating the new covenant, he was bringing to an end the old.
10 tn The sentence begins simply “lest you make a covenant”; it is undoubtedly a continuation of the imperative introduced earlier, and so that is supplied here.
11 tn The verb is a perfect with a vav consecutive. In the literal form of the sentence, this clause tells what might happen if the people made a covenant with the inhabitants of the land: “Take heed…lest you make a covenant…and then they prostitute themselves…and sacrifice…and invite…and you eat.” The sequence lays out an entire scenario.
12 tn The verb זָנָה (zanah) means “to play the prostitute; to commit whoredom; to be a harlot” or something similar. It is used here and elsewhere in the Bible for departing from pure religion and engaging in pagan religion. The use of the word in this figurative sense is fitting, because the relationship between God and his people is pictured as a marriage, and to be unfaithful to it was a sin. This is also why God is described as a “jealous” or “impassioned” God. The figure may not be merely a metaphorical use, but perhaps a metonymy, since there actually was sexual immorality at the Canaanite altars and poles.
13 tn There is no subject for the verb. It could be rendered “and one invites you,” or it could be made a passive.
14 tn These too are adverbial in relation to the main clause, telling how long Moses was with Yahweh on the mountain.
15 tn Heb “the ten words,” though “commandments” is traditional.
