Discovery BoxEsther 3:8-15 
Context3:8 Then Haman said to King Ahasuerus, “There is a particular people 1 that is dispersed and spread among the inhabitants 2 throughout all the provinces of your kingdom whose laws differ from those of all other peoples. Furthermore, they do not observe the king’s laws. It is not appropriate for the king to provide a haven for them. 3 3:9 If the king is so inclined, 4 let an edict be issued 5 to destroy them. I will pay ten thousand talents of silver 6 to be conveyed to the king’s treasuries for the officials who carry out this business.”
3:10 So the king removed his signet ring 7 from his hand and gave it to Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, who was hostile toward the Jews. 3:11 The king replied to Haman, “Keep your money, 8 and do with those people whatever you wish.” 9
3:12 So the royal scribes 10 were summoned in the first month, on the thirteenth day of the month. Everything Haman commanded was written to the king’s satraps 11 and governors who were in every province and to the officials of every people, province by province according to its script and people by people according to its language. In the name of King Ahasuerus it was written and sealed with the king’s signet ring. 3:13 Letters were sent by the runners to all the king’s provinces stating that 12 they should destroy, kill, and annihilate all the Jews, from youth to elderly, both women and children, 13 on a particular day, namely the thirteenth day 14 of the twelfth month (that is, the month of Adar), and to loot and plunder their possessions. 3:14 A copy of this edict was to be presented as law throughout every province; it was to be made known to all the inhabitants, 15 so that they would be prepared for this day. 3:15 The messengers 16 scurried forth 17 with the king’s order. 18 The edict was issued in Susa the citadel. While the king and Haman sat down to drink, the city of Susa was in an uproar! 19
1 tn Heb “one people.” Note the subtle absence at this point of a specific mention of the Jewish people by name.
2 tn Heb “peoples” (so NASB, NIV); NAB “nations”
3 tn Heb “to cause them to rest”; NASB “to let them remain”; NAB, NIV, NRSV “to tolerate them.”
4 tn Heb “If upon the king it is good”; KJV “If it please the king.”
5 tn Heb “let it be written” (so KJV, ASV); NASB “let it be decreed.”
6 sn The enormity of the monetary sum referred to here can be grasped by comparing this amount (10,000 talents of silver) to the annual income of the empire, which according to Herodotus (Histories 3.95) was 14,500 Euboic talents. In other words Haman is offering the king a bribe equal to two-thirds of the royal income. Doubtless this huge sum of money was to come (in large measure) from the anticipated confiscation of Jewish property and assets once the Jews had been destroyed. That such a large sum of money is mentioned may indicate something of the economic standing of the Jewish population in the empire of King Ahasuerus.
7 sn Possessing the king’s signet ring would enable Haman to act with full royal authority. The king’s ring would be used to impress the royal seal on edicts, making them as binding as if the king himself had enacted them.
8 tn Heb “the silver is given to you”; NRSV “the money is given to you”; CEV “You can keep their money.” C. A. Moore (Esther [AB], 40) understands these words somewhat differently, taking them to imply acceptance of the money on Xerxes’ part. He translates, “Well, it’s your money.”
9 tn Heb “according to what is good in your eyes”; NASB “do with them as you please.”
10 tn Or “secretaries” (so NIV, NRSV, NLT).
11 tn Or “princes” (so NLT); CEV “highest officials.”
12 tn The words “stating that” are not in the Hebrew text but have been supplied in the translation for clarity.
13 tn Heb “children and women.” The translation follows contemporary English idiom, which reverses the order.
14 tc The LXX does not include the words “on the thirteenth day.”
15 tn Heb “peoples” (so NASB, NRSV).
16 tn Heb “runners.” So also in 8:10, 14. Cf. NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV “couriers.”
17 tn Or “went forth in haste” (so ASV).
18 tn Heb “with the word of the king.”
19 sn The city of Susa was in an uproar. This final statement of v. 15 is a sad commentary on the pathetic disregard of despots for the human misery and suffering that they sometimes inflict on those who are helpless to resist their power. Here, while common people braced for the reckless loss of life and property that was about to begin, the perpetrators went about their mundane activities as though nothing of importance was happening.
