¹ tn Heb “by a strong hand and an outstretched arm,” the hand and arm symbolizing divine activity and strength. Cf. NLT “with amazing power and mighty deeds.”

² tn Or “keep” (so KJV, NRSV).

³ tn Heb “testings” (so NAB), a reference to the plagues. See note at 4:34.

⁴ tn Heb “the strong hand and outstretched arm.” See 4:34.

⁵ tn Heb “the Lord your God.” The pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons to avoid redundancy.

⁶ tn Heb “the Lord.” See note on “he” in 9:3.

⁷ tn Heb “Lord Lord” (אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה, ’adonay yÿhvih). The phrase is customarily rendered by Jewish tradition as “Lord God” (אֲדֹנָי אֱלֹהִים, ’adonay ’elohim). See also the note on the phrase “Lord God” in Deut 3:24.

⁸ tn Heb “your inheritance”; NLT “your special (very own NRSV) possession.” Israel is compared to landed property that one would inherit from his ancestors and pass on to his descendants.

⁹ tn Heb “you have redeemed in your greatness.”

¹⁰ tn Heb “by your strong hand.”

¹¹ tn Heb “that not.” The words “I am speaking” have been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

¹² tn Heb “who have not known and who have not seen the discipline of the Lord.” The collocation of the verbs “know” and “see” indicates that personal experience (knowing by seeing) is in view. The term translated “discipline” (KJV, ASV “chastisement”) may also be rendered “instruction,” but vv. 2b-6 indicate that the referent of the term is the various acts of divine judgment the Israelites had witnessed.

¹³ tn The words “which revealed” have been supplied in the translation to show the logical relationship between the terms that follow and the divine judgments. In the Hebrew text the former are in apposition to the latter.

¹⁴ tn Heb “his strong hand and his stretched-out arm.”