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Deuteronomy 4:26

Context
4:26 I invoke heaven and earth as witnesses against you 1  today that you will surely and swiftly be removed 2  from the very land you are about to cross the Jordan to possess. You will not last long there because you will surely be 3  annihilated.

Deuteronomy 12:21

Context
12:21 If the place he 4  chooses to locate his name is too far for you, you may slaughter any of your herd and flock he 5  has given you just as I have stipulated; you may eat them in your villages 6  just as you wish.

Deuteronomy 13:5

Context
13:5 As for that prophet or dreamer, 7  he must be executed because he encouraged rebellion against the Lord your God who brought you from the land of Egypt, redeeming you from that place of slavery, and because he has tried to entice you from the way the Lord your God has commanded you to go. In this way you must purge out evil from within. 8 

Deuteronomy 22:2

Context
22:2 If the owner 9  does not live 10  near you or you do not know who the owner is, 11  then you must corral the animal 12  at your house and let it stay with you until the owner looks for it; then you must return it to him.

Deuteronomy 27:3

Context
27:3 Then you must inscribe on them all the words of this law when you cross over, so that you may enter the land the Lord your God is giving you, a land flowing with milk and honey just as the Lord, the God of your ancestors, 13  said to you.

Deuteronomy 28:12

Context
28:12 The Lord will open for you his good treasure house, the heavens, to give you rain for the land in its season and to bless all you do; 14  you will lend to many nations but you will not borrow from any.

Deuteronomy 28:31

Context
28:31 Your ox will be slaughtered before your very eyes but you will not eat of it. Your donkey will be stolen from you as you watch and will not be returned to you. Your flock of sheep will be given to your enemies and there will be no one to save you.

Deuteronomy 28:68

Context
28:68 Then the Lord will make you return to Egypt by ship, over a route I said to you that you would never see again. There you will sell yourselves to your enemies as male and female slaves, but no one will buy you.”

1 sn I invoke heaven and earth as witnesses against you. This stock formula introduces what is known form-critically as a רִיב (riv) or controversy pattern. It is commonly used in the ancient Near Eastern world in legal contexts and in the OT as a forensic or judicial device to draw attention to Israel’s violation of the Lord’s covenant with them (see Deut 30:19; Isa 1:2; 3:13; Jer 2:9). Since court proceedings required the testimony of witnesses, the Lord here summons heaven and earth (that is, all creation) to testify to his faithfulness, Israel’s disobedience, and the threat of judgment.

2 tn Or “be destroyed”; KJV “utterly perish”; NLT “will quickly disappear”; CEV “you won’t have long to live.”

3 tn Or “be completely” (so NCV, TEV). It is not certain here if the infinitive absolute indicates the certainty of the following action (cf. NIV) or its degree.

4 tn Heb “the Lord your God.” See note on “he” in 12:5.

5 tn Heb “the Lord.” See note on “he” in 12:5.

6 tn Heb “gates” (so KJV, NASB); NAB “in your own community.”

7 tn Heb “or dreamer of dreams.” See note on this expression in v. 1.

8 tn Heb “your midst” (so NAB, NRSV). The severity of the judgment here (i.e., capital punishment) is because of the severity of the sin, namely, high treason against the Great King. Idolatry is a violation of the first two commandments (Deut 5:6-10) as well as the spirit and intent of the Shema (Deut 6:4-5).

9 tn Heb “your brother” (also later in this verse).

10 tn Heb “is not.” The idea of “residing” is implied.

11 tn Heb “and you do not know him.”

12 tn Heb “it”; the referent (the ox or sheep mentioned in v. 1) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

13 tn Heb “fathers.”

14 tn Heb “all the work of your hands.”



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