1 tn Heb “stand against.”
2 sn This was Ptolemy V Epiphanes (ca. 203-181
3 tn Heb “sons of violence.” “Son(s) is sometimes used idiomatically in Hebrew to indicate that someone is characterized by a certain quality. So the expression “sons of violence” means that these individuals will be characterized by violent deeds.
4 tn Heb “to cause to stand.”