¹ sn They covered their ears to avoid hearing what they considered to be blasphemy.

² tn Grk “and he.” Because of the length of the Greek sentence, the conjunction καί (kai) has not been translated here. Instead a new English sentence is begun.

³ tn The double vocative suggests emotion.

⁴ sn Persecuting me. To persecute the church is to persecute Jesus.

⁵ tn The Greek term here is ἀνήρ (anhr), which is used only rarely in a generic sense of both men and women. In the historical setting here, Paul’s traveling companions were almost certainly all males.

⁶ tn That is, unable to speak because of fear or amazement. See BDAG 335 s.v. ἐνεός.

⁷ sn This is a parenthetical note by the author. Acts 22:9 appears to indicate that they saw the light but did not hear a voice. They were “witnesses” that something happened.

⁸ tn Grk “And the voice.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

⁹ tn Or “declare.”

¹⁰ sn For the significance of this vision see Mark 7:14-23; Rom 14:14; Eph 2:11-22. God directed this change in practice.

¹¹ tn Or “declare.” The wording matches Acts 10:15.

¹² tn BDAG 722 s.v. ὀρθός 1.a has “stand upright on your feet.”

¹³ tn Grk “he”; the referent (the man) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹⁴ tn This verb is imperfect tense in contrast to the previous verb, which is aorist. It has been translated ingressively, since the start of a sequence is in view here.

¹⁵ tn This is a continuation of the same sentence in Greek using the connective τέ (te), but due to the length and complexity of the Greek sentence a new sentence was begun in the translation here. To indicate the logical sequence for the modern English reader, τέ was translated as “then.”