Discovery BoxActs 22:30 
Context22:30 The next day, because the commanding officer 1 wanted to know the true reason 2 Paul 3 was being accused by the Jews, he released him and ordered the chief priests and the whole council 4 to assemble. He then brought 5 Paul down and had him stand before them.
Acts 25:11
Context25:11 If then I am in the wrong 6 and have done anything that deserves death, I am not trying to escape dying, 7 but if not one of their charges against me is true, 8 no one can hand me over to them. 9 I appeal to Caesar!” 10
1 tn Grk “he”; the referent (the commanding officer) has been supplied here in the translation for clarity.
2 tn Grk “the certainty, why.” BDAG 147 s.v. ἀσφαλής 2 has “τὸ ἀ. the certainty = the truth (in ref. to ferreting out the facts…ἵνα τὸ ἀ. ἐπιγνῶ) γνῶναι 21:34; 22:30.”
3 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
4 tn Grk “the whole Sanhedrin” (the Sanhedrin was the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews).
5 tn Grk “and bringing.” The participle καταγαγών (katagagwn) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was begun in the translation, and καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to clarify the logical sequence.
6 tn BDAG 20 s.v. ἀδικέω 1.b has “intr. be in the wrong (Ex 2:13) εἰ ἀδικῶ Ac 25:11.”
7 tn BDAG 764 s.v. παραιτέομαι 2.b.β, “οὐ παραιτοῦμαι τὸ ἀποθανεῖν I am not trying to escape death Ac 25:11 (cp. Jos., Vi. 141).” To avoid redundancy in the translation, the English gerund “dying” is used to translate the Greek infinitive ἀποθανεῖν (apoqanein).
8 tn Or “but if there is nothing to their charges against me.” Both “if” clauses in this verse are first class conditions. Paul stated the options without prejudice, assuming in turn the reality of each for the sake of the argument.
9 sn That is, no one can hand me over to them lawfully. Paul was aware of the dangers of a return to Jerusalem.
10 tn Or “to the emperor” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).
sn The appeal to Caesar was known as the provocatio ad Caesarem. It was a Roman citizen’s right to ask for a direct judgment by the emperor (Pliny the Younger, Letters 10.96). It was one of the oldest rights of Roman citizens.
