Discovery Box2 Samuel 8:3-13 
Context8:3 David defeated King Hadadezer son of Rehob of Zobah when he came to reestablish 1 his authority 2 over the Euphrates 3 River. 8:4 David seized from him 1,700 charioteers 4 and 20,000 infantrymen. David cut the hamstrings of all but a hundred of the chariot horses. 5 8:5 The Arameans of Damascus came to help King Hadadezer of Zobah, but David killed 22,000 of the Arameans. 8:6 David placed garrisons in the territory of the Arameans of Damascus; the Arameans became David’s subjects and brought tribute. The Lord protected 6 David wherever he campaigned. 7 8:7 David took the golden shields that belonged to Hadadezer’s servants and brought them to Jerusalem. 8 8:8 From Tebah 9 and Berothai, Hadadezer’s cities, King David took a great deal of bronze.
8:9 When King Toi 10 of Hamath heard that David had defeated the entire army of Hadadezer, 8:10 he 11 sent his son Joram 12 to King David to extend his best wishes 13 and to pronounce a blessing on him for his victory over Hadadezer, for Toi had been at war with Hadadezer. 14 He brought with him various items made of silver, gold, and bronze. 15 8:11 King David dedicated these things to the Lord, 16 along with the dedicated silver and gold that he had taken from 17 all the nations that he had subdued, 8:12 including 18 Aram, 19 Moab, the Ammonites, the Philistines, and Amelek. This also included some of the plunder taken from 20 King Hadadezer son of Rehob of Zobah.
8:13 David became famous 21 when he returned from defeating the Arameans 22 in the Valley of Salt, he defeated 23 18,000 in all.
1 tc The LXX has ἐπιστῆσαι (episthsai, “cause to stand”). See the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:3.
2 tn Heb “hand.”
3 tn The MT does not have the name “Euphrates” in the text. It is supplied in the margin (Qere) as one of ten places where the Masoretes believed that something was “to be read although it was not written” in the text as they had received it. The ancient versions (LXX, Syriac Peshitta, Vulgate) include the word. See also the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:3.
4 tc The LXX has “one thousand chariots and seven thousand charioteers,” a reading adopted in the text of the NIV. See the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:4.
5 tn Heb “and David cut the hamstrings of all the chariot horses, and he left from them a hundred chariot horses.”
6 tn Or “delivered.”
7 tn Or “wherever he went.”
8 tc The LXX includes seventeen words (in Greek) at the end of v. 7 that are not found in the MT. The LXX addition is as follows: “And Sousakim king of Egypt took them when he came up to Jerusalem in the days of Rehoboam the son of Solomon.” This Greek reading now finds Hebrew support in 4QSama. For a reconstruction of this poorly preserved Qumran text see E. C. Ulrich, Jr., The Qumran Text of Samuel and Josephus (HSM), 45-48.
map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
9 tn Heb “Betah” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV), but the name should probably be corrected to “Tebah.” See the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:8.
10 tn The name is spelled “Tou” in the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:9. NIV adopts the spelling “Tou” here.
11 tn Heb “Toi.” The proper name has been replaced by the pronoun in the translation for stylistic reasons.
12 tn The name appears as “Hadoram” in the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:10.
13 tn Heb “to ask concerning him for peace.”
14 tn Heb “and to bless him because he fought with Hadadezer and defeated him, for Hadadezer was a man of battles with Toi.”
15 tn Heb “and in his hand were items of silver and items of gold and items of bronze.”
16 tn Heb “also them King David made holy to the
17 tn Heb “with the silver and the gold that he had dedicated from.”
18 tn Heb “from.”
19 tc The present translation follows the MT; a few Hebrew
20 tn Heb “and from the plunder of.”
21 tn Heb “made a name.”
22 tn So NASB, NCV; NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT “Edomites” (see the note on “Aram” in v. 12).
23 tn The words “he defeated” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
