¹ tn Heb “and go out before us.”

² tn Heb “he”; the referent (Saul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

³ tn Heb “turned his shoulder.”

⁴ tn Heb “God turned for him another heart”; NAB, NRSV “gave him another heart”; NIV, NCV “changed Saul’s heart”; TEV “gave Saul a new nature”; CEV “made Saul feel like a different person.”

⁵ tn Heb “Look, I have listened to your voice.”

⁶ tn Heb “to all which you said to me.”

⁷ tn Heb “and I have installed a king over you.”

⁸ tn Heb “know and see.”

⁹ tn Heb “[as] you enter.”

¹⁰ tn Heb “all the people.” For clarity “Agag’s” has been supplied in the translation.

¹¹ tn Heb “all Israel.”

¹² tn Or “fled.”

¹³ tn Heb “So Saul mustered all his army for battle to go down to Keilah to besiege against David and his men.”

¹⁴ tc The text is difficult here. The MT and most of the early versions support the reading לֶחָי (lekhai, “to life,” or “to the one who lives”). Some of the older English versions (KJV, ASV; cf. NKJV) took the expression to mean “to him who lives (in prosperity),” but this translation requires reading a good deal into the words. While the expression could have the sense of “Long life to you!” (cf. NIV, NJPS) or perhaps “Good luck to you!” this seems somewhat redundant in light of the salutation that follows in the context. The Latin Vulgate has fratribus meis (“to my brothers”), which suggests that Jerome understood the Hebrew word to have an alef that is absent in the MT (i.e., לֶאֱחָי, le’ekhay). Jerome’s plural, however, remains a problem, since in the context David is addressing a single individual, namely Nabal, and not a group. However, it is likely that the Vulgate witnesses to a consonantal Hebrew text that is to be preferred here, especially if the word were to be revocalized as a singular rather than a plural. While it is impossible to be certain about this reading, the present translation essentially follows the Vulgate in reading “my brother” (so also NJB; cf. NAB, RSV, NRSV).

¹⁵ tn Heb “camps.”