Genesis 10:21

10:21 And sons were also born to Shem (the older brother of Japheth), the father of all the sons of Eber.

Genesis 10:31

10:31 These are the sons of Shem according to their families, according to their languages, by their lands, and according to their nations.


tn Heb “And to Shem was born.”

tn Or “whose older brother was Japheth.” Some translations render Japheth as the older brother, understanding the adjective הַגָּדוֹל (haggadol, “older”) as modifying Japheth. However, in Hebrew when a masculine singular definite attributive adjective follows the sequence masculine singular construct noun + proper name, the adjective invariably modifies the noun in construct, not the proper name. Such is the case here. See Deut 11:7; Judg 1:13; 2:7; 3:9; 9:5; 2 Kgs 15:35; 2 Chr 27:3; Neh 3:30; Jer 13:9; 36:10; Ezek 10:19; 11:1.