1 tn Grk “hardness.” Concerning this imagery, see Jer 4:4; Ezek 3:7; 1 En. 16:3.
2 tn Grk “in the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God.”
3 tn Grk “who.” The relative pronoun was converted to a personal pronoun and, because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
4 tn Or “will render,” “will recompense.” In this context Paul is setting up a hypothetical situation, not stating that salvation is by works.
5 sn A quotation from Ps 62:12; Prov 24:12; a close approximation to Matt 16:27.
6 tn This contrast is clearer and stronger in Greek than can be easily expressed in English.
7 tn Grk “those who [are] from selfish ambition.”
8 tn Grk “are persuaded by, obey.”
9 tn No verb is expressed in this verse, but the verb “to be” is implied by the Greek construction. Literally “suffering and distress on everyone…”
10 tn Grk “every soul of man.”
11 sn Paul uses the term Greek here and in v. 10 to refer to non-Jews, i.e., Gentiles.
12 tn Grk “but even,” to emphasize the contrast. The second word has been omitted since it is somewhat redundant in English idiom.
13 tn The form of the Greek word is either present or future, but it is best to translate in future because of the context of future judgment.
14 tn Grk “of people.”