Romans 1:16

The Power of the Gospel

1:16 For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is God’s power for salvation to everyone who believes, to the Jew first and also to the Greek. ¹ 

Romans 1:27

1:27 and likewise the men also abandoned natural relations with women ²  and were inflamed in their passions ³  for one another. Men ⁴  committed shameless acts with men and received in themselves the due penalty for their error.

Romans 1:32

1:32 Although they fully know ⁵  God’s righteous decree that those who practice such things deserve to die, ⁶  they not only do them but also approve of those who practice them. ⁷ 

Romans 2:12

2:12 For all who have sinned apart from the law ⁸  will also perish apart from the law, and all who have sinned under the law will be judged by the law.

Romans 3:26

3:26 This was ⁹  also to demonstrate ¹⁰  his righteousness in the present time, so that he would be just ¹¹  and the justifier of the one who lives because of Jesus’ faithfulness. ¹² 

Romans 7:4

7:4 So, my brothers and sisters, ¹³  you also died to the law through the body of Christ, so that you could be joined to another, to the one who was raised from the dead, to bear fruit to God. ¹⁴ 

Romans 8:11

8:11 Moreover if the Spirit of the one ¹⁵  who raised Jesus from the dead lives in you, the one who raised Christ ¹⁶  from the dead will also make your mortal bodies alive through his Spirit who lives in you. ¹⁷ 

Romans 8:29

8:29 because those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, that his Son ¹⁸  would be the firstborn among many brothers and sisters. ¹⁹ 

Romans 8:32

8:32 Indeed, he who ²⁰  did not spare his own Son, but gave him up for us all – how will he not also, along with him, freely give us all things?

Romans 8:34

8:34 Who is the one who will condemn? Christ ²¹  is the one who died (and more than that, he was raised), who is at the right hand of God, and who also is interceding for us.

Romans 11:22

11:22 Notice therefore the kindness and harshness of God – harshness toward those who have fallen, but ²²  God’s kindness toward you, provided you continue in his kindness; ²³  otherwise you also will be cut off.

Romans 15:27

15:27 For they were pleased to do this, and indeed they are indebted to the Jerusalem saints. ²⁴  For if the Gentiles have shared in their spiritual things, they are obligated also to minister to them in material things.

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¹ sn Here the Greek refers to anyone who is not Jewish.

² tn Grk “likewise so also the males abandoning the natural function of the female.”

³ tn Grk “burned with intense desire” (L&N 25.16).

⁴ tn Grk “another, men committing…and receiving,” continuing the description of their deeds. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

⁵ tn Grk “who, knowing…, not only do them but also approve…” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

⁶ tn Grk “are worthy of death.”

⁷ sn “Vice lists” like vv. 28-32 can be found elsewhere in the NT in Matt 15:19; Gal 5:19-21; 1 Tim 1:9-10; and 1 Pet 4:3. An example from the intertestamental period can be found in Wis 14:25-26.

⁸ sn This is the first occurrence of law (nomos) in Romans. Exactly what Paul means by the term has been the subject of much scholarly debate. According to J. A. Fitzmyer (Romans [AB], 131-35; 305-6) there are at least four different senses: (1) figurative, as a “principle”; (2) generic, meaning “a law”; (3) as a reference to the OT or some part of the OT; and (4) as a reference to the Mosaic law. This last usage constitutes the majority of Paul’s references to “law” in Romans.

⁹ tn The words “This was” have been repeated from the previous verse to clarify that this is a continuation of that thought. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

¹⁰ tn Grk “toward a demonstration,” repeating and expanding the purpose of God’s action in v. 25a.

¹¹ tn Or “righteous.”

¹² tn Or “of the one who has faith in Jesus.” See note on “faithfulness of Jesus Christ” in v. 22 for the rationale behind the translation “Jesus’ faithfulness.”

¹³ tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:13.

¹⁴ tn Grk “that we might bear fruit to God.”

¹⁵ sn The one who raised Jesus from the dead refers to God (also in the following clause).

¹⁶ tc Several mss read ᾿Ιησοῦν (Ihsoun, “Jesus”) after Χριστόν (Criston, “Christ”; א* A D* 630 1506 1739 1881 pc bo); C 81 104 lat have ᾿Ιησοῦν Χριστόν. The shorter reading is more likely to be original, though, both because of external evidence (א² B D² F G Ψ 33 Ï sa) and internal evidence (scribes were much more likely to add the name “Jesus” if it were lacking than to remove it if it were already present in the text, especially to harmonize with the earlier mention of Jesus in the verse).

¹⁷ tc Most mss (B D F G Ψ 33 1739 1881 Ï lat) have διά (dia) followed by the accusative: “because of his Spirit who lives in you.” The genitive “through his Spirit” is supported by א A C⁽*⁾ 81 104 1505 1506 al, and is slightly preferred.

¹⁸ tn Grk “he”; the referent (God’s Son) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹⁹ tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:13.

²⁰ tn Grk “[he] who.” The relative clause continues the question of v. 31 in a way that is awkward in English. The force of v. 32 is thus: “who indeed did not spare his own Son, but gave him up for us all – How will he not also with him give us all things?”

²¹ tc ‡ A number of significant and early witnesses, along with several others (Ì^46vid א A C F G L Ψ 6 33 81 104 365 1505 al lat bo), read ᾿Ιησοῦς (Ihsous, “Jesus”) after Χριστός (Cristos, “Christ”) in v. 34. But the shorter reading is not unrepresented (B D 0289 1739 1881 Ï sa). Once ᾿Ιησοῦς got into the text, what scribe would omit it? Although the external evidence is on the side of the longer reading, internally such an expansion seems suspect. The shorter reading is thus preferred. NA²⁷ has the word in brackets, indicating doubt as to its authenticity.

tn Grk “who also.”

²² tn Greek emphasizes the contrast between these two clauses more than can be easily expressed in English.

²³ tn Grk “if you continue in (the) kindness.”

²⁴ tn Grk “to them”; the referent (the Jerusalem saints) has been specified in the translation for clarity.