1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” in keeping with the parenthetical nature of this remark.
2 tn Grk “is called,” but this is somewhat redundant in contemporary English.
3 sn Wormwood refers to a particularly bitter herb with medicinal value. According to L&N 3.21, “The English term wormwood is derived from the use of the plant as a medicine to kill intestinal worms.” This remark about the star’s name is parenthetical in nature.
4 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the star falling on the waters.
5 tn That is, terribly bitter (see the note on “Wormwood” earlier in this verse).
6 tn Grk “and many of the men died from these waters because they were bitter.”
7 tn Or perhaps, “scales like iron breastplates” (RSV, NRSV) although the Greek term θώραξ (qwrax) would have to shift its meaning within the clause, and elsewhere in biblical usage (e.g., Eph 6:14; 1 Thess 5:8) it normally means “breastplate.” See also L&N 8.38.
8 tn The genitive noun πυρός (puros) has been translated as an attributive genitive (see also Rev 1:14).
9 tn For the translation of διάδημα (diadhma) as “diadem crown” see L&N 6.196.
sn Diadem crowns were a type of crown used as a symbol of the highest ruling authority in a given area, and thus often associated with kingship.
10 tn Grk “head, having.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
11 tn Although many translations supply a prepositional phrase to specify what the name was written on (“upon Him,” NASB; “on him,” NIV), there is no location for the name specified in the Greek text.