8:7 The 11 first angel blew his trumpet, and there was hail and fire mixed with blood, and it was thrown at the earth so that 12 a third of the earth was burned up, a third of the trees were burned up, and all the green grass was burned up.
8:12 Then 13 the fourth angel blew his trumpet, and a third of the sun was struck, and a third of the moon, and a third of the stars, so that a third of them were darkened. And there was no light for a third of the day 14 and for a third of the night likewise.
11:18 The 24 nations 25 were enraged,
but 26 your wrath has come,
and the time has come for the dead to be judged,
and the time has come to give to your servants, 27
the prophets, their reward,
as well as to the saints
and to those who revere 28 your name, both small and great,
and the time has come 29 to destroy those who destroy 30 the earth.”
15:2 Then 36 I saw something like a sea of glass 37 mixed with fire, and those who had conquered 38 the beast and his image and the number of his name. They were standing 39 by 40 the sea of glass, holding harps given to them by God. 41
“Woe, Woe, O great city –
in which all those who had ships on the sea got rich from her wealth –
because in a single hour she has been destroyed!” 43
20:4 Then 50 I saw thrones and seated on them were those who had been given authority to judge. 51 I also saw the souls of those who had been beheaded because of the testimony about Jesus and because of the word of God. These 52 had not worshiped the beast or his image and had refused to receive his mark on their forehead or hand. They 53 came to life 54 and reigned with Christ for a thousand years.
1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the summons by the fourth creature.
2 tc The reading “and I looked” (καὶ εἶδον, kai eidon) or some slight variation (e.g., ἶδον, idon) has excellent ms support ({א A C P 1611}) and its omission seems to have come through the
3 tn The phrase “and here came” expresses the sense of καὶ ἰδού (kai idou).
4 tn A sickly pallor, when referring to persons, or the green color of plants. BDAG 1085 s.v. χλωρός 2 states, “pale, greenish gray…as the color of a pers. in sickness contrasted with appearance in health…so the horse ridden by Death…ἵππος χλωρός Rv 6:8.” Because the color of the horse is symbolic, “pale green” is used in the translation. Cf. NIV, NCV “pale”; NASB “ashen.”
5 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
6 tn Grk “the one sitting on it.”
7 tn Grk “And Hades was following with him.” The Greek expression μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ (met’ autou, “with him”) is Semitic and indicates close proximity. The translation “followed right behind” reflects this.
8 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
9 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
10 tn Grk “with death.” θάνατος (qanatos) can in particular contexts refer to a manner of death, specifically a contagious disease (see BDAG 443 s.v. 3; L&N 23.158).
11 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
12 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so that” because what follows has the logical force of a result clause.
13 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
14 tn Grk “the day did not shine [with respect to] the third of it.”
15 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the introduction of the description of the horses and riders, which is somewhat parenthetical in the narrative.
16 tn Grk “and those seated on them.”
17 tn Grk “the vision”; the Greek article has been translated as a possessive pronoun (ExSyn 215).
18 tn L&N 79.31 states, “‘fiery red’ (probably with a tinge of yellow or orange).”
19 tn On this term BDAG 1022 s.v. ὑακίνθινος states, “hyacinth-colored, i.e. dark blue (dark red?) w. πύρινος Rv 9:17.”
20 tn On this term BDAG 446 s.v. θειώδης states, “sulphurous Rv 9:17.”
21 sn The colors of the riders’ breastplates parallel the three plagues of fire, smoke, and sulfur in v. 18.
22 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
23 tn Traditionally, “brimstone.”
24 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
25 tn Or “The Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
26 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
27 tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.
28 tn Grk “who fear.”
29 tn The words “the time has come” do not occur except at the beginning of the verse; the phrase has been repeated for emphasis and contrast. The Greek has one finite verb (“has come”) with a compound subject (“your wrath,” “the time”), followed by three infinitive clauses (“to be judged,” “to give,” “to destroy”). The rhetorical power of the repetition of the finite verb in English thus emulates the rhetorical power of its lone instance in Greek.
30 tn Or “who deprave.” There is a possible wordplay here on two meanings for διαφθείρω (diafqeirw), with the first meaning “destroy” and the second meaning either “to ruin” or “to make morally corrupt.” See L&N 20.40.
31 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the parenthetical nature of the following description of the beast.
32 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
33 tn Grk “gave it”; the referent (the beast) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
34 tn For the translation “authority to rule” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.
35 tn Grk “elders, and no one.” This is a continuation of the previous sentence in the Greek text, but because of the length and complexity of the sentence a new sentence was started here in the translation.
36 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
37 sn See Rev 4:6 where the sea of glass was mentioned previously.
38 tn Or “had been victorious over”; traditionally, “had overcome.”
39 tn Grk “of his name, standing.” A new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the words “They were.”
40 tn Or “on.” The preposition ἐπί (epi) with the accusative case could mean “on, at, by, near”; given the nature of this scene appearing in a vision, it is difficult to know precisely which the author of Revelation intended. See BDAG 363 s.v. ἐπί 1.c.γ, “At, by, near someone or someth.”
41 tn Grk “harps of God.” The phrase τοῦ θεοῦ (tou qeou) has been translated as a genitive of agency.
42 tn Grk “with weeping and mourning, saying.” Here the participle λέγοντες (legontes) has not been translated because it is redundant in contemporary English.
43 tn On ἡρημώθη (Jhrhmwqh) L&N 20.41 states, “to suffer destruction, with the implication of being deserted and abandoned – ‘to be destroyed, to suffer destruction, to suffer desolation.’ ἐρημόομαι: μιᾷ ὥρᾳ ἠρημώθη ὁ τοσοῦτος πλοῦτος ‘such great wealth has been destroyed within a single hour’ Re 18:17.”
44 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the introduction of an unexpected development in the account: The opposing armies do not come together in battle; rather the leader of one side is captured.
45 tn For this meaning see BDAG 342 s.v. ἐνώπιον 4.b, “by the authority of, on behalf of Rv 13:12, 14; 19:20.”
46 tn Traditionally, “brimstone.”
47 tn Grk “he”; the referent (the angel introduced in v. 1) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
48 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
49 tn Or “and shut.” While the lexical force of the term is closer to “shut,” it is acceptable to render the verb ἔκλεισεν (ekleisen) as “locked” here in view of the mention of the key in the previous verse.
50 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
51 tn Grk “I saw thrones, and those seated on them, and judgment was given to them.” BDAG 567 s.v. κρίμα 3 says, “judging, judgment, the κρίμα ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς authority to judge was given to them Rv 20:4.”
52 tn Grk “God, and who.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the pronoun “these” as subject.
53 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
54 tn On the use of the aorist ἔζησαν (ezhsan) BDAG 425 s.v. ζάω 1.a.β says, “of dead persons who return to life become alive again: of humans in general (3 Km 17:23) Mt 9:18; Ac 9:41; 20:12; Rv 20:4, 5.”