Revelation 6:4

6:4 And another horse, fiery red, came out, and the one who rode it was granted permission to take peace from the earth, so that people would butcher one another, and he was given a huge sword.

Revelation 16:9

16:9 Thus people were scorched by the terrible heat, yet they blasphemed the name of God, who has ruling authority over these plagues, and they would not repent and give him glory.


tn L&N 79.31 states, “‘fiery red’ (probably with a tinge of yellow or orange).”

tn Grk “the one sitting on it.”

tn The word “permission” is implied; Grk “it was given to him to take peace from the earth.”

tn BDAG 979 s.v. σφάζω states, “Of the killing of a person by violence…σφάζειν τινά butcher or murder someone (4 Km 10:7; Jer 52:10; Manetho: 609 fgm. 8, 76 Jac. [in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 76]; Demetr.[?]: 722 fgm. 7; Ar. 10, 9) 1J 3:12; Rv 6:4. Pass. (Hdt. 5, 5) 5:9; 6:9; 18:24.”

tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “thus” to indicate the implied result of the bowl poured on the sun.

tn Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.

tn On this phrase BDAG 536 s.v. καῦμα states, “burning, heat Rv 7:16καυματίζεσθαι κ. μέγα be burned with a scorching heat 16:9.”

tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.