16:12 Then 1 the sixth angel 2 poured out his bowl on the great river Euphrates and dried up its water 3 to prepare the way 4 for the kings from the east. 5
1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
2 tn Grk “the sixth”; the referent (the sixth angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
3 tn Grk “and its water was dried up.” Here the passive construction has been translated as an active one.
4 tn Grk “in order that the way might be prepared.” Here the passive construction has been translated as an active one.
5 tn Grk “from the rising of the sun.” BDAG 74 s.v. ἀνατολή 2.a takes this as a geographical direction: “ἀπὸ ἀ. ἡλίου…from the east Rv 7:2; 16:12; simply ἀπὸ ἀ. …21:13.”
6 tn The words “There are” have been supplied to make a complete English sentence. This is a continuation of the previous sentence, a lengthy and complicated one in Greek.
7 tn The word “side” has been supplied four times in this verse for clarity.
8 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
9 tn Grk “from the rising of the sun.” BDAG 74 s.v. ἀνατολή 2.a takes this as a geographical direction: “ἀπὸ ἀ. ἡλίου…from the east Rv 7:2; 16:12…simply ἀπὸ ἀ. …21:13.”
10 tn Grk “having,” but v. 3 makes it clear that the angel’s purpose is to seal others with the seal he carries.
11 tn Or “signet” (L&N 6.54).
12 tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
13 tn The word “permission” is implied; Grk “to whom it was given to them to damage the earth.”
14 tn Grk “saying.” The participle λέγων (legwn) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.