Revelation 13:5

13:5 The beast was given a mouth speaking proud words and blasphemies, and he was permitted to exercise ruling authority for forty-two months.

Revelation 13:7

13:7 The beast was permitted to go to war against the saints and conquer them. He was given ruling authority over every tribe, people, language, and nation,

Revelation 13:4

13:4 they worshiped the dragon because he had given ruling authority to the beast, and they worshiped the beast too, saying: “Who is like the beast?” and “Who is able to make war against him?” 10 

Revelation 13:12

13:12 He 11  exercised all the ruling authority 12  of the first beast on his behalf, 13  and made the earth and those who inhabit it worship the first beast, the one whose lethal wound had been healed.

Revelation 16:9

16:9 Thus 14  people 15  were scorched by the terrible heat, 16  yet 17  they blasphemed the name of God, who has ruling authority 18  over these plagues, and they would not repent and give him glory.

Revelation 17:12

17:12 The 19  ten horns that you saw are ten kings who have not yet received a kingdom, but will receive ruling authority 20  as kings with the beast for one hour.

Revelation 5:13

5:13 Then 21  I heard every creature – in heaven, on earth, under the earth, in the sea, and all that is in them – singing: 22 

“To the one seated on the throne and to the Lamb

be praise, honor, glory, and ruling power 23  forever and ever!”

Revelation 12:10

12:10 Then 24  I heard a loud voice in heaven saying,

“The salvation and the power

and the kingdom of our God,

and the ruling authority 25  of his Christ, 26  have now come,

because the accuser of our brothers and sisters, 27 

the one who accuses them day and night 28  before our God,

has been thrown down.


tn Grk “and there was given to him.” Here the passive construction has been simplified, the referent (the beast) has been specified for clarity, and καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

tn For the translation “proud words” (Grk “great things” or “important things”) see BDAG 624 s.v. μέγας 4.b.

tn Grk “to it was granted.”

tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

tn Grk “and it was given to him to go to war.” Here the passive construction has been simplified, the referent (the beast) has been specified for clarity, and καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

tc Many mss omit the phrase “it was given to make war with the saints and to overcome them” (Ì47 A C 2053 ÏA sa). It is, however, found in Ì115vid א 051 1006 (1611) 1841 (1854) 2329 2344 2351 (ÏK) lat syph,(h) bo. Although the ms evidence is somewhat in favor of the shorter reading, the support of Ì115 (a recently-discovered ms) for the longer reading balances things out. Normally, the shorter reading should be given preference. However, in an instance in which homoioteleuton could play a role, caution must be exercised. In this passage, accidental omission is quite likely. That this could have happened seems apparent from the two occurrences of the identical phrase “and it was given to him” (καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ, kai edoqh autw) in v. 7. The scribe’s eye skipped over the first καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ and went to the second, hence creating an accidental omission of eleven words.

tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

tn Grk “and people,” but καί (kai) has not been translated here or before the following term since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

10 tn On the use of the masculine pronoun to refer to the beast, see the note on the word “It” in 13:1.

11 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

12 tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

13 tn For this meaning see BDAG 342 s.v. ἐνώπιον 4.b, “by the authority of, on behalf of Rv 13:12, 14; 19:20.”

14 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “thus” to indicate the implied result of the bowl poured on the sun.

15 tn Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.

16 tn On this phrase BDAG 536 s.v. καῦμα states, “burning, heat Rv 7:16καυματίζεσθαι κ. μέγα be burned with a scorching heat 16:9.”

17 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

18 tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

19 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

20 tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

21 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

22 tn Grk “saying.”

23 tn Or “dominion.”

24 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

25 tn Or “the right of his Messiah to rule.” See L&N 37.35.

26 tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

27 tn Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” or “fellow Christians” (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 1, where considerable nonbiblical evidence for the plural ἀδελφοί [adelfoi] meaning “brothers and sisters” is cited). The translation “fellow believer” would normally apply (L&N 11.23), but since the speaker(s) are not specified in this context, it is not clear if such a translation would be appropriate here. The more generic “brothers and sisters” was chosen to emphasize the fact of a relationship without specifying its type.

28 tn Or “who accuses them continually.”