Revelation 13:5

13:5 The beast¹ was given a mouth speaking proud words² and blasphemies, and he was permitted³ to exercise ruling authority⁴ for forty-two months.

Revelation 13:7

13:7 The beast⁵ was permitted to go to war against the saints and conquer them.⁶ He was given ruling authority⁷ over every tribe, people,⁸ language, and nation,

Revelation 13:4

13:4 they worshiped the dragon because he had given ruling authority⁹ to the beast, and they worshiped the beast too, saying: “Who is like the beast?” and “Who is able to make war against him?”¹⁰

Revelation 13:12

13:12 He¹¹ exercised all the ruling authority¹² of the first beast on his behalf,¹³ and made the earth and those who inhabit it worship the first beast, the one whose lethal wound had been healed.

Revelation 16:9

16:9 Thus¹⁴ people¹⁵ were scorched by the terrible heat,¹⁶ yet¹⁷ they blasphemed the name of God, who has ruling authority¹⁸ over these plagues, and they would not repent and give him glory.

Revelation 17:12

17:12 The¹⁹ ten horns that you saw are ten kings who have not yet received a kingdom, but will receive ruling authority²⁰ as kings with the beast for one hour.

Revelation 5:13

5:13 Then²¹ I heard every creature – in heaven, on earth, under the earth, in the sea, and all that is in them – singing:²²

“To the one seated on the throne and to the Lamb

be praise, honor, glory, and ruling power²³ forever and ever!”

Revelation 12:10

12:10 Then²⁴ I heard a loud voice in heaven saying,

“The salvation and the power

and the kingdom of our God,

and the ruling authority²⁵ of his Christ,²⁶ have now come,

because the accuser of our brothers and sisters,²⁷

the one who accuses them day and night²⁸ before our God,

has been thrown down.

¹tn Grk “and there was given to him.” Here the passive construction has been simplified, the referent (the beast) has been specified for clarity, and καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

²tn For the translation “proud words” (Grk “great things” or “important things”) see BDAG 624 s.v. μέγας 4.b.

³tn Grk “to it was granted.”

⁴tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

⁵tn Grk “and it was given to him to go to war.” Here the passive construction has been simplified, the referent (the beast) has been specified for clarity, and καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

⁶tc Many mss omit the phrase “it was given to make war with the saints and to overcome them” (Ì⁴⁷ A C 2053 Ï^A sa). It is, however, found in Ì^115vid א 051 1006 (1611) 1841 (1854) 2329 2344 2351 (Ï^K) lat sy^ph,(h) bo. Although the ms evidence is somewhat in favor of the shorter reading, the support of Ì¹¹⁵ (a recently-discovered ms) for the longer reading balances things out. Normally, the shorter reading should be given preference. However, in an instance in which homoioteleuton could play a role, caution must be exercised. In this passage, accidental omission is quite likely. That this could have happened seems apparent from the two occurrences of the identical phrase “and it was given to him” (καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ, kai edoqh autw) in v. 7. The scribe’s eye skipped over the first καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ and went to the second, hence creating an accidental omission of eleven words.

⁷tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

⁸tn Grk “and people,” but καί (kai) has not been translated here or before the following term since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

⁹tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

¹⁰tn On the use of the masculine pronoun to refer to the beast, see the note on the word “It” in 13:1.

¹¹tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

¹²tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

¹³tn For this meaning see BDAG 342 s.v. ἐνώπιον 4.b, “by the authority of, on behalf of Rv 13:12, 14; 19:20.”

¹⁴tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “thus” to indicate the implied result of the bowl poured on the sun.

¹⁵tn Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.

¹⁶tn On this phrase BDAG 536 s.v. καῦμα states, “burning, heat Rv 7:16…καυματίζεσθαι κ. μέγα be burned with a scorching heat 16:9.”

¹⁷tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

¹⁸tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

¹⁹tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

²⁰tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

²¹tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

²²tn Grk “saying.”

²³tn Or “dominion.”

²⁴tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

²⁵tn Or “the right of his Messiah to rule.” See L&N 37.35.

²⁶tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

²⁷tn Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” or “fellow Christians” (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 1, where considerable nonbiblical evidence for the plural ἀδελφοί [adelfoi] meaning “brothers and sisters” is cited). The translation “fellow believer” would normally apply (L&N 11.23), but since the speaker(s) are not specified in this context, it is not clear if such a translation would be appropriate here. The more generic “brothers and sisters” was chosen to emphasize the fact of a relationship without specifying its type.

²⁸tn Or “who accuses them continually.”