Revelation 12:1

The Woman, the Child, and the Dragon

12:1 Then a great sign appeared in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun, and with the moon under her feet, and on her head was a crown of twelve stars.

Revelation 14:14

14:14 Then I looked, and a white cloud appeared, and seated on the cloud was one like a son of man! He had a golden crown on his head and a sharp sickle in his hand.

Revelation 16:2

16:2 So the first angel went and poured out his bowl on the earth. Then ugly and painful sores 10  appeared on the people 11  who had the mark of the beast and who worshiped his image.


tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

sn Sunmoonstars. This imagery is frequently identified with the nation Israel because of Joseph’s dream in Gen 37.

tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

tn Grk “and behold, a white cloud.”

tn This phrase constitutes an allusion to Dan 7:13. Concerning υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου (Juio" tou anqrwpou), BDAG 1026 s.v. υἱός 2.d.γ says: “ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου lit. ‘the son of the man’…‘the human being, the human one, the man’…On Israelite thought contemporary w. Jesus and alleged knowledge of a heavenly being looked upon as a ‘Son of Man’ or ‘Man’, who exercises Messianic functions such as judging the world (metaph., pictorial passages in En 46-48; 4 Esdr 13:3, 51f)…Outside the gospels: Ac 7:56Rv 1:13; 14:14 (both after Da 7:13…).” The term “son” here in this expression is anarthrous and as such lacks specificity. Some commentators and translations take the expression as an allusion to Daniel 7:13 and not to “the son of man” found in gospel traditions (e.g., Mark 8:31; 9:12; cf. D. E. Aune, Revelation [WBC], 2:800-801; cf. also NIV). Other commentators and versions, however, take the phrase “son of man” as definite, involving allusions to Dan 7:13 and “the son of man” gospel traditions (see G. K. Beale, Revelation [NIGTC], 771-72; NRSV).

tn Grk “like a son of man, having.” In the Greek text this is a continuation of the previous sentence.

tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the directions given by the voice from the temple.

tn Grk “the first”; the referent (the first angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

10 tn Or “ulcerated sores”; the term in the Greek text is singular but is probably best understood as a collective singular.

11 tn Grk ‘the men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.