1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
2 tn On the term αὐλήν (aulhn) BDAG 150 s.v. αὐλή 1 states, “(outer) court of the temple…Rv 11:2.”
3 tn The precise meaning of the phrase ἔκβαλε ἔξωθεν (ekbale exwqen) is difficult to determine.
4 tn Or “to the nations” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
5 sn The holy city appears to be a reference to Jerusalem. See also Luke 21:24.
6 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
7 tn Grk “seven thousand names of men.”
8 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
9 sn The winepress was stomped. See Isa 63:3, where Messiah does this alone (usually several individuals would join in the process).
10 tn L&N 6.7 states, “In Re 14:20 the reference to a bit and bridle is merely an indication of measurement, that is to say, the height of the bit and bridle from the ground, and one may reinterpret this measurement as ‘about a meter and a half’ or ‘about five feet.’”
11 tn Grk “1,600 stades.” A stade was a measure of length about 607 ft (185 m). Thus the distance here would be 184 mi or 296 km.
12 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
13 tn Or “of the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
14 tn Grk “fell.”
15 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Babylon’s misdeeds (see Rev 14:8).
16 tn Grk “the cup of the wine of the anger of the wrath of him.” The concatenation of four genitives has been rendered somewhat differently by various translations (see the note on the word “wrath”).
17 tn Following BDAG 461 s.v. θυμός 2, the combination of the genitives of θυμός (qumo") and ὀργή (orgh) in Rev 16:19 and 19:15 are taken to be a strengthening of the thought as in the OT and Qumran literature (Exod 32:12; Jer 32:37; Lam 2:3; CD 10:9). Thus in Rev 14:8 (to which the present passage alludes) and 18:3 there is irony: The wine of immoral behavior with which Babylon makes the nations drunk becomes the wine of God’s wrath for her.
18 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
19 tn The shift here to past tense reflects the Greek text.
20 tn On the phrase “broad plain of the earth” BDAG 823 s.v. πλάτος states, “τὸ πλάτος τῆς γῆς Rv 20:9 comes fr. the OT (Da 12:2 LXX. Cp. Hab 1:6; Sir 1:3), but the sense is not clear: breadth = the broad plain of the earth is perh. meant to provide room for the countless enemies of God vs. 8, but the ‘going up’ is better suited to Satan (vs. 7) who has recently been freed, and who comes up again fr. the abyss (vs. 3).” The referent here thus appears to be a plain large enough to accommodate the numberless hoards that have drawn up for battle against the Lord Christ and his saints.
21 tn Or “surrounded.”
22 tn On the term παρεμβολή (parembolh) BDAG 775 s.v. states, “Mostly used as a military t.t.…so always in our lit.…1. a (fortified) camp…ἡ παρεμβολὴ τῶν ἁγίων Rv 20:9 is also to be understood fr. the OT use of the word.”
23 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
24 tn See L&N 20.45 for the translation of κατεσθίω (katesqiw) as “to destroy utterly, to consume completely.”
25 tn The perfect participle here has been translated as an intensive (resultative) perfect.
26 sn Agate (also called chalcedony) is a semiprecious stone usually milky or gray in color (L&N 2.32).
27 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
28 tn The Greek word πλατεῖα (plateia) refers to a major (broad) street (L&N 1.103).
29 tc The Textus Receptus, on which the KJV rests, reads “the book” of life (ἀπὸ βίβλου, apo biblou) instead of “the tree” of life. When the Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus translated the NT he had access to no Greek