1 tn Grk “and having.” In the Greek text this is a continuation of the previous sentence, but because contemporary English style employs much shorter sentences, a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the pronoun “he.”
2 tn This is a continuation of the previous sentence in the Greek text, but a new sentence was started here in the translation.
3 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the instructions given by the angel.
4 tn Grk “it was.” The idea of taste is implied.
5 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
6 tn Or “the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
7 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
8 tn Grk “will shepherd.”
9 tn Or “scepter.” The Greek term ῥάβδος (rJabdo") can mean either “rod” or “scepter.”
sn A quotation from Ps 2:9 (see also Rev 2:27, 12:5).
10 sn He stomps the winepress. See Isa 63:3, where Messiah does this alone (usually several individuals would join in the process), and Rev 14:20.
11 tn The genitive θυμοῦ (qumou) has been translated as an attributed genitive. Following BDAG 461 s.v. θυμός 2, the combination of the genitives of θυμός (qumos) and ὀργή (orgh) in Rev 16:19 and 19:15 are taken to be a strengthening of the thought as in the OT and Qumran literature (Exod 32:12; Jer 32:37; Lam 2:3; CD 10:9).
12 tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”