Revelation 1:12

1:12 I turned to see whose voice was speaking to me, and when I did so, I saw seven golden lampstands,

Revelation 1:15

1:15 His feet were like polished bronze refined in a furnace, and his voice was like the roar of many waters.

Revelation 6:7

6:7 Then when the Lamb opened the fourth seal I heard the voice of the fourth living creature saying, “Come!”


tn Throughout the translation John’s use of καί (kai) often reflects the varied usage of the Hebrew conjunction ו (vav). A clause which καί introduces has been translated in terms of its semantic relationship to the clause that preceded it. If the καί seemed redundant, however, it was left untranslated; that is the case in this verse.

tn Grk “with me.” The translation “with me” implies that John was engaged in a dialogue with the one speaking to him (e.g., Jesus or an angel) when in reality it was a one-sided conversation, with John doing all the listening. For this reason, μετ᾿ ἐμοῦ (met emou, “with me”) was translated as “to me.”

tn Grk “and turning I saw.” The repetition of ἐπιστρέφω (epistrefw) is somewhat redundant in contemporary English and has been translated generally.

tn The precise meaning of the term translated “polished bronze” (χαλκολιβάνῳ, calkolibanw), which appears nowhere else in Greek literature outside of the book of Revelation (see 2:18), is uncertain. Without question it is some sort of metal. BDAG 1076 s.v. χαλκολίβανον suggests “fine brass/bronze.” L&N 2.57 takes the word to refer to particularly valuable or fine bronze, but notes that the emphasis here and in Rev 2:18 is more on the lustrous quality of the metal.

tn Or “that has been heated in a furnace until it glows.”

tn Grk “sound,” but the idea is closer to the roar of a waterfall or rapids.

tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.