Psalms 93:3-4

93:3 The waves roar, O Lord,

the waves roar,

the waves roar and crash.

93:4 Above the sound of the surging water,

and the mighty waves of the sea,

the Lord sits enthroned in majesty.


tn The Hebrew noun translated “waves” often refers to rivers or streams, but here it appears to refer to the surging waves of the sea (see v. 4, Ps 24:2).

tn Heb “the waves lift up, O Lord, the waves lift up their voice, the waves lift up their crashing.”

tn Heb “mighty waters.”

sn The surging waters here symbolizes the hostile enemies of God who seek to destroy the order he has established in the world (see Pss 18:17; 29:3; 32:6; 77:20; 144:7; Isa 17:13; Jer 51:55; Ezek 26:19; Hab 3:15). But the Lord is depicted as elevated above and sovereign over these raging waters.

tn Heb “mighty on high [is] the Lord.”