Psalms 69:23

69:23 May their eyes be blinded!

Make them shake violently!

Psalms 55:4

55:4 My heart beats violently within me;

the horrors of death overcome me.

Psalms 109:22

109:22 For I am oppressed and needy,

and my heart beats violently within me.


tn Heb “may their eyes be darkened from seeing.”

tn Heb “make their hips shake continually.”

tn Heb “shakes, trembles.”

tn Heb “the terrors of death have fallen on me.”

tc The verb in the Hebrew text (חָלַל, khalal) appears to be a Qal form from the root חלל meaning “pierced; wounded.” However, the Qal of this root is otherwise unattested. The translation assumes an emendation to יָחִיל (yakhil), a Qal imperfect from חוּל (khul, “tremble”) or to חֹלַל (kholal), a polal perfect from חוּל (khul). See Ps 55:4, which reads לִבִּי יָחִיל בְּקִרְבִּי (libbiy yakhil bÿqirbbiy, “my heart trembles [i.e., “beats violently”] within me”).