Numbers 24:18-20

24:18 Edom will be a possession,

Seir, his enemies, will also be a possession;

but Israel will act valiantly.

24:19 A ruler will be established from Jacob;

he will destroy the remains of the city.’”

Balaam’s Final Prophecies

24:20 Then Balaam looked on Amalek and delivered this oracle:

“Amalek was the first of the nations,

but his end will be that he will perish.”


sn Seir is the chief mountain range of Edom (Deut 33:2), and so the reference here is to the general area of Edom.

tn Or, understanding the Hebrew word for “city” as a place name, “of Ir” (cf. NRSV, NLT).

tn Heb “he”; the referent (Balaam) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

tn Heb “and he lifted up his oracle and said.” So also in vv. 21, 23.

sn This probably means that it held first place, or it thought that it was “the first of the nations.” It was not the first, either in order or greatness.