Leviticus 7:24

7:24 Moreover, the fat of an animal that has died of natural causes and the fat of an animal torn by beasts may be used for any other purpose, but you must certainly never eat it.

Leviticus 18:23

18:23 You must not have sexual intercourse with any animal to become defiled with it, and a woman must not stand before an animal to have sexual intercourse with it; it is a perversion.

Leviticus 20:16

20:16 If a woman approaches any animal to have sexual intercourse with it, you must kill the woman, and the animal must be put to death; their blood guilt is on themselves.

Leviticus 27:9

Redemption of Vowed Animals

27:9 “‘If what is vowed is a kind of animal from which an offering may be presented to the Lord, anything which he gives to the Lord from this kind of animal will be holy.

Leviticus 11:39

Edible Land Quadrupeds

11:39 “‘Now if an animal that you may eat dies, 10  whoever touches its carcass will be unclean until the evening.

Leviticus 27:13

27:13 If, however, the person who made the vow redeems the animal, 11  he must add one fifth to 12  its conversion value.


tn Heb “carcass,” referring to the carcass of an animal that has died on its own, not the carcass of an animal slaughtered for sacrifice or killed by wild beasts. This has been clarified in the translation by supplying the phrase “of natural causes”; cf. NAB, TEV “that has died a natural death.”

tn Heb “shall be used for any work”; cf. NIV, NLT “may be used for any other purpose.”

tn See the note on v. 20 above.

tn Heb “to copulate with it” (cf. Lev 20:16).

tn The Hebrew term תֶּבֶל (tevel, “perversion”) derives from the verb “to mix; to confuse” and therefore refers to illegitimate mixtures of species or violation of the natural order of things.

tn Heb “to copulate with it” (cf. Lev 20:16).

tn Heb “which they may present from it an offering.” The plural active verb is sometimes best rendered in the passive (GKC 460 §144.f, g). Some medieval Hebrew mss, Smr, a ms of the Targum, and the Vulgate all have the singular verb instead (cf. similarly v. 11).

tn Heb “from it.” The masculine suffix “it” here is used for the feminine in the MT, but one medieval Hebrew ms, some mss of Smr, the LXX, and the Syriac have the feminine. The referent (this kind of animal) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

tn This word for “animal” refers to land animal quadrupeds, not just any beast that dwells on the land (cf. 11:2).

10 tn Heb “which is food for you” or “which is for you to eat.”

11 tn Heb “And if redeeming [infinitive absolute] he redeems it [finite verb].” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p. The referent of “he” (the person who made the vow) and “it” (the animal) have both been specified in the translation for clarity.

12 tn Heb “on,” meaning “on top of, in addition to” (likewise in v. 15).