Leviticus 1:3

Burnt Offering Regulations: Animal from the Herd

1:3 “‘If his offering is a burnt offering ¹  from the herd he must present it as a flawless male; he must present it at the entrance ²  of the Meeting Tent for its ³  acceptance before the Lord.

Leviticus 1:11

1:11 and must slaughter it on the north side of the altar before the Lord, and the sons of Aaron, the priests, will splash its blood against the altar’s sides.

Leviticus 2:9

2:9 Then the priest must take up ⁴  from the grain offering its memorial portion and offer it up in smoke on the altar – it is ⁵  a gift of a soothing aroma to the Lord.

Leviticus 3:8

3:8 He must lay his hand on the head of his offering and slaughter it before the Meeting Tent, and the sons of Aaron must splash ⁶  its blood against the altar’s sides.

Leviticus 4:26

4:26 Then the priest ⁷  must offer all of its fat up in smoke on the altar like the fat of the peace offering sacrifice. So the priest will make atonement ⁸  on his behalf for ⁹  his sin and he will be forgiven. ¹⁰ 

Leviticus 6:5

6:5 or anything about which he swears falsely. ¹¹  He must restore it in full ¹²  and add one fifth to it; he must give it to its owner when he is found guilty. ¹³ 

Leviticus 6:30

6:30 But any sin offering from which some of its blood is brought into the Meeting Tent to make atonement in the sanctuary must not be eaten. It must be burned up in the fire. ¹⁴ 

Leviticus 8:23

8:23 and he slaughtered it. ¹⁵  Moses then took some of its blood and put it on Aaron’s right earlobe, ¹⁶  on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe ¹⁷  of his right foot.

Leviticus 11:4

11:4 However, you must not eat these ¹⁸  from among those that chew the cud and have divided hooves: The camel is unclean to you ¹⁹  because it chews the cud ²⁰  even though its hoof is not divided. ²¹ 

Leviticus 11:42

11:42 You must not eat anything that crawls ²²  on its belly or anything that walks on all fours or on any number of legs ²³  of all the swarming things that swarm on the land, because they are detestable.

Leviticus 17:13

17:13 “‘Any man from the Israelites ²⁴  or from the foreigners who reside ²⁵  in their ²⁶  midst who hunts a wild animal ²⁷  or a bird that may be eaten ²⁸  must pour out its blood and cover it with soil,

Leviticus 19:23

The Produce of Fruit Trees

19:23 “‘When you enter the land and plant any fruit tree, ²⁹  you must consider its fruit to be forbidden. ³⁰  Three years it will be forbidden to you; ³¹  it must not be eaten.

Leviticus 22:27

22:27 “When an ox, lamb, or goat is born, it must be under the care of ³²  its mother seven days, but from the eighth day onward it will be acceptable as an offering gift ³³  to the Lord.

Leviticus 23:37

23:37 “‘These are the appointed times of the Lord that you must proclaim as holy assemblies to present a gift to the Lord – burnt offering, grain offering, sacrifice, and drink offerings, ³⁴  each day according to its regulation, ³⁵ 

Leviticus 27:10

27:10 He must not replace or exchange it, good for bad or bad for good, and if he does indeed exchange one animal for another animal, then both the original animal ³⁶  and its substitute will be holy.

Leviticus 27:23

27:23 the priest will calculate for him the amount of its conversion value until the jubilee year, and he must pay ³⁷  the conversion value on that jubilee day as something that is holy to the Lord.

Leviticus 27:33

27:33 The owner ³⁸  must not examine the animals to distinguish between good and bad, and he must not exchange it. If, however, he does exchange it, ³⁹  both the original animal ⁴⁰  and its substitute will be holy. ⁴¹  It must not be redeemed.’”

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¹ sn The burnt offering (עֹלָה, ’olah) was basically a “a gift of a soothing aroma to the Lord” (vv. 9, 13, 17). It could serve as a votive or freewill offering (e.g., Lev 22:18-20), an accompaniment of prayer and supplication (e.g., 1 Sam 7:9-10), part of the regular daily, weekly, monthly, and festival cultic pattern (e.g., Num 28-29), or to make atonement either alone (e.g., Lev 1:4; 16:24) or in combination with the grain offering (e.g., Lev 14:20) or sin offering (e.g., Lev 5:7; 9:7). See R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 4:996-1022.

² tn Heb “door” (so KJV, ASV); NASB “doorway” (likewise throughout the book of Leviticus). The translation “door” or “doorway” may suggest a framed door in a casing to the modern reader, but here the term refers to the entrance to a tent.

³ tn The NIV correctly has “it” in the text, referring to the acceptance of the animal (cf., e.g., RSV, NEB, NLT), but “he” in the margin, referring to the acceptance of the offerer (cf. ASV, NASB, JB). The reference to a “flawless male” in the first half of this verse suggests that the issue here is the acceptability of the animal to make atonement on behalf of the offerer (Lev 1:4; cf. NRSV “for acceptance in your behalf”).

⁴ tn The Hebrew verb הֵרִים (herim, “to take up”; cf. NAB “lift”) is commonly used for setting aside portions of an offering (see, e.g., Lev 4:8-10 and R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 4:335-36). A number of English versions employ the more normal English idiom “take out” here (e.g., NIV, NCV); cf. NRSV “remove.”

⁵ tn The words “it is” (הוּא, hu’) both here and in vv. 10 and 16 are not in the MT, but are assumed. (cf. vv. 2b and 3b and the notes there).

⁶ tn See the note on this term at 1:5.

⁷ tn Heb “Then he”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity. Based on the parallel statements in 4:10 and 4:31, it is the priest who performs this action rather than the person who brought the offering.

⁸ sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).

⁹ tn Heb “from.” In this phrase the preposition מִן (min) may be referring to the reason or cause (“on account of, because of”; GKC 383 §119.z). As J. E. Hartley (Leviticus [WBC], 47) points out, “from” may refer to the removal of the sin, but is an awkward expression. Hartley also suggests that the phrasing might be “an elliptical expression for יְכַפֵּר עַל־לְטַהֵר אֶת־מִן, ‘he will make expiation for…to cleanse…from…,’ as in 16:30.”

¹⁰ tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).

¹¹ tn Heb “or from all which he swears on it to falsehood.”

¹² tn Heb “in its head.” This refers “the full amount” in terms of the “principal,” the original item or amount obtained illegally (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:338; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 84).

¹³ tn Heb “to whom it is to him he shall give it in the day of his being guilty.” The present translation is based on the view that he has been found guilty through the legal process (see the note on v. 4 above; cf., e.g., TEV and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 33-34). Others translate the latter part as “in the day he offers his guilt [reparation] offering” (e.g., NIV and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 73, 84), or “in the day he realizes his guilt” (e.g., NRSV and J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:319, 338).

¹⁴ tn Heb “burned with fire,” an expression which is sometimes redundant in English, but here means “burned up,” “burned up entirely.”

¹⁵ tn Again, Aaron probably did the slaughtering (cf. the notes on Lev 8:15-16 above).

¹⁶ tn Heb “on the lobe of the ear of Aaron, the right one.”

¹⁷ tn The term for “big toe” (בֹּהֶן, bohen) is the same as that for “thumb.” It refers to the larger appendage on either the hand or the foot.

¹⁸ tn Heb “this,” but as a collective plural (see the following context).

¹⁹ sn Regarding “clean” versus “unclean,” see the note on Lev 10:10.

²⁰ tn Heb “because a chewer of the cud it is” (see also vv. 5 and 6).

²¹ tn Heb “and hoof there is not dividing” (see also vv. 5 and 6).

²² tn Heb “goes” (KJV, ASV “goeth”); NIV “moves about”; NLT “slither along.” The same Hebrew term is translated “walks” in the following clause.

²³ tn Heb “until all multiplying of legs.”

²⁴ tc A few medieval Hebrew mss, Smr, and Tg. Ps.-J. have “from the house of Israel” as in vv. 3, 8, and 10, but the LXX agrees with the MT.

²⁵ tn Heb “from the sojourner who sojourns.”

²⁶ tc The LXX, Syriac, Vulgate, and certain mss of Smr have “your” (plural) rather than “their” (cf. v. 10 above).

²⁷ tn Heb “[wild] game of animal.”

²⁸ tn That is, it must be a clean animal, not an unclean animal (cf. Lev 11).

²⁹ tn Heb “tree of food”; KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV “trees for food.”

³⁰ tn Heb “you shall circumcise its fruit [as] its foreskin,” taking the fruit to be that which is to be removed and, therefore, forbidden. Since the fruit is uncircumcised it is forbidden (see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 306, and esp. B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 131-32).

³¹ tn Heb “it shall be to you uncircumcised.”

³² tn The words “the care of” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied. Although many modern English versions render “with its mother” (e.g., NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT), the literal phrase “under its mother” refers to the young animal nursing from its mother. Cf. KJV, ASV “it shall be seven days under the dam,” which would probably be misunderstood.

³³ tn Heb “for an offering of a gift.”

³⁴ tn The LXX has “[their] burnt offerings, and their sacrifices, and their drink offerings.”

³⁵ tn Heb “a matter of a day in its day”; NAB “as prescribed for each day”; NRSV, NLT “each on its proper day.”

³⁶ tn Heb “it and its substitute.” The referent (the original animal offered) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

³⁷ tn Heb “give” (so KJV, ASV, NASB, NLT).

³⁸ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the owner of the animal) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

³⁹ tn Heb “And if exchanging [infinitive absolute] he exchanges it [finite verb].” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p.

⁴⁰ tn Heb “it and its substitute.” The referent (the original animal offered) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁴¹ tn Heb “it shall be and its substitute shall be holy.”