1:10 “‘If his offering is from the flock for a burnt offering 1 – from the sheep or the goats – he must present a flawless male,
1:14 “‘If his offering to the Lord is a burnt offering from the birds, 2 he must present his offering from the turtledoves or from the young pigeons. 3
3:6 “‘If his offering for a peace offering sacrifice to the Lord is from the flock, he must present a flawless male or female. 6
4:27 “‘If an ordinary individual 7 sins by straying unintentionally 8 when he violates one of the Lord’s commandments which must not be violated, 9 and he pleads guilty
14:43 “If the infection returns and breaks out in the house after he has pulled out the stones, scraped the house, and it is replastered, 24 14:44 the priest is to come and examine it, and if 25 the infection has spread in the house, it is a malignant disease in the house. It is unclean.
15:28 “‘If 29 she becomes clean from her discharge, then she is to count off for herself seven days, and afterward she will be clean.
20:9 “‘If anyone 34 curses his father and mother 35 he must be put to death. He has cursed his father and mother; his blood guilt is on himself. 36 20:10 If a man 37 commits adultery with his neighbor’s wife, 38 both the adulterer and the adulteress must be put to death.
22:14 “‘If a man eats a holy offering by mistake, 43 he must add one fifth to it and give the holy offering to the priest. 44
25:25 “‘If your brother becomes impoverished and sells some of his property, his near redeemer is to come to you and redeem what his brother sold. 52
25:35 “‘If your brother 53 becomes impoverished and is indebted to you, 54 you must support 55 him; he must live 56 with you like a foreign resident. 57
25:39 “‘If your brother becomes impoverished with regard to you so that he sells himself to you, you must not subject him to slave service. 58
26:18 “‘If, in spite of all these things, 64 you do not obey me, I will discipline you seven times more on account of your sins. 65
26:21 “‘If you walk in hostility against me 66 and are not willing to obey me, I will increase your affliction 67 seven times according to your sins.
26:23 “‘If in spite of these things 68 you do not allow yourselves to be disciplined and you walk in hostility against me, 69
1 tn Heb “And if from the flock is his offering, from the sheep or from the goats, for a burnt offering.” Here “flock” specifies the broad category, with “sheep or goats” giving specific examples.
2 tn Heb “from the [category] ‘bird.’”
3 tn Heb “from the sons of the pigeon,” referring either to “young pigeons” (cf. KJV, NASB, NIV, NLT) or “various species of pigeon” (contrast J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:168, with J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 14).
4 tn Heb “a grain offering of a pan”; cf. KJV “fryingpan”; NAB “pot”; CEV “pan with a lid on it.”
5 sn Lev 7:9 makes it clear that one cooked “on” a griddle but “in” a pan. This suggests that the oil in the pan served for deep fat frying, hence the translation “deep fried in olive oil” (see, e.g., J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:185); cf. also NAB.
6 tn Heb “a male or female without defect he shall present it”; cf. NLT “must have no physical defects.”
7 tn Heb “an individual from the people of the land”; cf. NASB “anyone of the common people” (KJV, ASV both similar); NAB “a private person.”
8 tn Heb “If one person sins by straying, from the people of the land.” See Lev 4:2 for a note on “straying.”
9 tn Heb “by doing it, one from the commandments of the
10 sn See the note on Lev 7:20.
11 tn Heb “on purity blood.” The preposition here is עַל (’al) rather than בְּ (bÿ, as it is in the middle of v. 4), but no doubt the same meaning is intended.
12 tn For clarification of the translation here, see the notes on vv. 2-4 above.
sn The doubling of the time after the birth of a female child is puzzling (see the remarks in J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:750-51; and G. J. Wenham, Leviticus [NICOT], 188). Some have argued, for example, that it derives from the relative status of the sexes, or a supposed longer blood flow for the birth of a woman, or even to compensate for the future menstrual periods of the female just born. Perhaps there is a better explanation. First, a male child must be circumcised on the eighth day, so the impurity of the mother could not last beyond the first seven days lest it interfere with the circumcision rite. A female child, of course, was not circumcised, so the impurity of the mother would not interfere and the length of the impure time could be extended further. Second, it would be natural to expect that the increased severity of the blood flow after childbirth, as compared to that of a woman’s menstrual period, would call for a longer period of impurity than the normal seven days of the menstrual period impurity (compare Lev 15:19 with 15:25-30). Third, this suggests that the fourteen day impurity period for the female child would have been more appropriate, and the impurity period for the birth of a male child had to be shortened. Fourth, not only the principle of multiples of seven but also multiples of forty applies to this reckoning. Since the woman’s blood discharge after bearing a child continues for more than seven days, her discharge keeps her from contact with sacred things for a longer period of time in order to avoid contaminating the tabernacle (note Lev 15:31). This ended up totaling forty days for the birth of a male child (seven plus thirty-three) and a corresponding doubling of the second set of days for the woman (fourteen plus sixty-six). See R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 2:368-70. The fact that the offerings were the same for either a male or a female infant (vv. 6-8) suggests that the other differences in the regulations are not due to the notion that a male child had greater intrinsic value than a female child (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 169).
13 tn The “it” is not expressed but is to be understood. It refers to the “infection” (cf. the note on v. 2 above).
14 tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV).
15 tn This is the declarative Piel of the verb טָמֵא (tame’, cf. the note on v. 3 above).
16 tn Heb “and the priest shall see it.”
17 tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV, NASB).
18 tn Heb “the priest shall pronounce the infection clean,” but see v. 4 above. Also, this is another use of the declarative Piel of the verb טָהֵר (taher, cf. the note on v. 6 above).
19 tn Heb “and if under it the bright spot stands, it has not spread.”
20 tn This is the declarative Piel of the verb טָהֵר (taher, cf. the note on v. 6 above).
21 tn Heb “and he shall be brought to the priest and the priest shall go out to from outside to the camp and the priest shall see [it].” The understood “it” refers to the skin infection itself (see the note on 13:3 above). The referent has been specified in the translation for clarity.
22 tn Heb “And behold, the diseased infection has been healed from the diseased person.” The expression “diseased infection” has been translated as simply “infection” to avoid redundancy here in terms of English style.
23 tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV); NASB “If the mark has indeed spread.”
24 tn Heb “after he has pulled out the stones, and after scraping (variant form of the Hiphil infinitive construct, GKC 531) the house, and after being replastered (Niphal infinitive construct).”
25 tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV); NASB “If he sees that the mark has indeed spread.”
26 tn Heb “And if the man with a discharge spits in the clean one.”
27 tn Heb “and if on the bed it (הוּא, hu’) is or on the vessel which she sits on it, when he touches it….” The translation and meaning of this verse is a subject of much debate in the commentaries (see the summary in J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:938-40). It is difficult to determine what הוּא refers to, whether it means “he” referring to the one who does the touching, “it” for the furniture or the seat in v. 22, “she” referring to the woman herself (see Smr היא rather than הוא), or perhaps anything that was lying on the furniture or the bed of vv. 21-22. The latter view is taken here (cf. J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 202).
28 tn The MT accent suggest that “when he touches it” goes with the preceding line, but it seems to be better to take it as an introduction to what follows (see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 202).
29 tn Heb “And if…” Although this clause is parallel to v. 13 above, it begins with וְאִם (vÿ’im, “and if”) here rather than וְכִי (vÿkhi, “and when/if”) there.
30 tn The words “his clothes” are not in the Hebrew text, but are repeated in the translation for clarity.
31 tn Heb “and he shall bear his iniquity.” The rendering “bear the punishment for the iniquity” reflects the use of the word “iniquity” to refer to the punishment for iniquity. This is sometimes referred to as the consequential use of the term (cf. Lev 5:17; 7:18; 10:17; etc.).
sn For the interpretation of this verse reflected in the present translation, see the remarks on Lev 5:1 in J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:292-97.
32 sn Regarding the “cut off” penalty see the note on Lev 7:20.
33 sn Compare the regulations in Lev 18:6-23.
34 tn Heb “If a man a man who.”
35 tn Heb “makes light of his father and his mother.” Almost all English versions render this as some variation of “curses his father or mother.”
36 tn Heb “his blood [plural] is in him.” Cf. NAB “he has forfeited his life”; TEV “is responsible for his own death.”
sn The rendering “blood guilt” refers to the fact that the shedding of blood brings guilt on those who shed it illegitimately (even the blood of animals shed illegitimately, Lev 17:4; cf. the background of Gen 4:10-11). If the community performs a legitimate execution, however, the blood guilt rests on the person who has been legitimately executed (see the remarks and literature cited in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 328).
37 tn Heb “And a man who.” The syntax here and at the beginning of the following verses elliptically mirrors that of v. 9, which justifies the rendering as a conditional clause.
38 tc The reading of the LXX minuscule
39 tn See the note on Lev 18:20 above.
40 tn Heb “takes.” The verb “to take” in this context means “to engage in sexual intercourse.”
41 sn See the note on Lev 18:7 above.
42 tn See the note on “burned to death” in 20:14.
43 tn Heb “And a man, if he eats a holy thing in error” (see the Lev 4:2 not on “straying,” which is the term rendered “by mistake” here).
44 sn When a person trespassed in regard to something sacred to the
45 tn Heb “for your acceptance.” See Lev 1:3-4 above and the notes there.
46 tn Heb “gives a flaw in”; KJV, ASV “cause a blemish in.”
47 tn Or “neighbor” (so NAB, NASB, NIV); TEV, NLT “another person.”
48 tn Heb “sell a sale.”
49 tn Or “to one of your countrymen” (NIV); NASB “to your friend.”
50 tn The Hebrew infinitive absolute קָנֹה (qanoh, “buying”) substitutes for the finite verb here in sequence with the previous finite verb “sell” at the beginning of the verse (see GKC 345 §113.z).
51 tn Heb “do not oppress a man his brother.” Here “brother” does not refer only to a sibling, but to a fellow Israelite.
52 tn Heb “the sale of his brother.”
53 tn It is not clear to whom this refers. It is probably broader than “sibling” (cf. NRSV “any of your kin”; NLT “any of your Israelite relatives”) but some English versions take it to mean “fellow Israelite” (so TEV; cf. NAB, NIV “countrymen”) and others are ambiguous (cf. CEV “any of your people”).
54 tn Heb “and his hand slips with you.”
55 tn Heb “strengthen”; NASB “sustain.”
56 tn The form וָחַי (vakhay, “and shall live”) looks like the adjective “living,” but the MT form is simply the same verb written as a double ayin verb (see HALOT 309 s.v. חיה qal, and GKC 218 §76.i; cf. Lev 18:5).
57 tn Heb “a foreigner and resident,” which is probably to be combined (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 170-71).
58 tn Heb “you shall not serve against him service of a slave.” A distinction is being made here between the status of slave and indentured servant.
59 tn Heb “to the mouth of them.”
60 tn Heb “but if a little remains in the years.”
61 tn Heb “And if.”
62 tn Heb “go out.”
63 tn Heb “to not do.”
64 tn Heb “And if until these.”
65 tn Heb “I will add to discipline you seven [times] on your sins.”
66 tn Heb “hostile with me,” but see the added preposition בְּ (bet) on the phrase “in hostility” in v. 24 and 27.
67 tn Heb “your blow, stroke”; cf. TEV “punishment”; NLT “I will inflict you with seven more disasters.”
68 tn Heb “And if in these.”
69 tn Heb “with me,” but see the added preposition בְּ (bet) on the phrase “in hostility” in vv. 24 and 27.
70 tn Heb “and it shall be to him.”
71 tn Heb “And if redeeming [infinitive absolute] he redeems [finite verb] the field, the one who consecrated it.” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p.
72 tn Heb “the silver of the conversion value.”
73 tn Heb “and it shall rise to him.” See HALOT 1087 s.v. קום 7 for the rendering offered here, but see also the note on the end of v. 14 above (cf. J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 476, 478).