19:23 Now when the soldiers crucified 8 Jesus, they took his clothes and made four shares, one for each soldier, 9 and the tunic 10 remained. (Now the tunic 11 was seamless, woven from top to bottom as a single piece.) 12
1 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Judas) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
2 tn Grk “into that one”; the pronoun “he” is more natural English style here.
sn This is the only time in the Fourth Gospel that Satan is mentioned by name. Luke 22:3 uses the same terminology of Satan “entering into” Judas but indicates it happened before the last supper at the time Judas made his deal with the authorities. This is not necessarily irreconcilable with John’s account, however, because John 13:2 makes it clear that Judas had already come under satanic influence prior to the meal itself. The statement here is probably meant to indicate that Judas at this point came under the influence of Satan even more completely and finally. It marks the end of a process which, as Luke indicates, had begun earlier.
3 tn Grk “Then Jesus said to him.”
4 tn Grk “Jesus answered.”
5 sn The piece of bread was a broken-off piece of bread (not merely a crumb).
6 tn Grk “after I have dipped it.” The words “in the dish” are not in the Greek text, but the presence of a bowl or dish is implied.
7 tn The words “in the dish” are not in the Greek text, but the presence of a bowl or dish is implied.
8 sn See the note on Crucify in 19:6.
9 sn Four shares, one for each soldier. The Gospel of John is the only one to specify the number of soldiers involved in the crucifixion. This was a quaternion, a squad of four soldiers. It was accepted Roman practice for the soldiers who performed a crucifixion to divide the possessions of the person executed among themselves.
10 tn Or “shirt” (a long garment worn under the cloak next to the skin). The name for this garment (χιτών, citwn) presents some difficulty in translation. Most modern readers would not understand what a ‘tunic’ was any more than they would be familiar with a ‘chiton.’ On the other hand, attempts to find a modern equivalent are also a problem: “Shirt” conveys the idea of a much shorter garment that covers only the upper body, and “undergarment” (given the styles of modern underwear) is more misleading still. “Tunic” was therefore employed, but with a note to explain its nature.
11 tn Or “shirt” (a long garment worn under the cloak next to the skin). See the note on the same word earlier in this verse.
12 sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.