15:21 Terrifying sounds fill 1 his ears;
in a time of peace marauders 2 attack him.
19:3 These ten times 3 you have been reproaching me; 4
you are not ashamed to attack me! 5
30:21 You have become cruel to me; 6
with the strength of your hand you attack me. 7
1 tn The word “fill” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation.
2 tn The word שׁוֹדֵד (shoded) means “a robber; a plunderer” (see Job 12:6). With the verb bo’ the sentence means that the robber pounces on or comes against him (see GKC 373 §118.f). H. H. Rowley observes that the text does not say that he is under attack, but that the sound of fears is in his ears, i.e., that he is terrified by thoughts of this.
3 sn The number “ten” is a general expression to convey that this has been done often (see Gen 31:7; Num 14:22).
4 tn The Hiphil of the verb כָּלַם (kalam) means “outrage; insult; shame.” The verbs in this verse are prefixed conjugations, and may be interpreted as preterites if the reference is to the past time. But since the action is still going on, progressive imperfects work well.
5 tn The second half of the verse uses two verbs, the one dependent on the other. It could be translated “you are not ashamed to attack me” (see GKC 385-86 §120.c), or “you attack me shamelessly.” The verb חָכַר (hakhar) poses some difficulties for both the ancient versions and the modern commentators. The verb seems to be cognate to Arabic hakara, “to oppress; to ill-treat.” This would mean that there has been a transformation of ח (khet) to ה (he). Three Hebrew
6 tn The idiom uses the Niphal verb “you are turned” with “to cruelty.” See Job 41:20b, as well as Isa 63:10.
7 tc The LXX reads this verb as “you scourged/whipped me.” But there is no reason to adopt this change.