3:14 The Lord comes to pronounce judgment
on the leaders of his people and their officials.
He says, 1 “It is you 2 who have ruined 3 the vineyard! 4
You have stashed in your houses what you have stolen from the poor. 5
5:28 Their arrows are sharpened,
and all their bows are prepared. 6
The hooves of their horses are hard as flint, 7
and their chariot wheels are like a windstorm. 8
15:8 Indeed, the cries of distress echo throughout Moabite territory;
their wailing can be heard in Eglaim and Beer Elim. 10
27:8 When you summon her for divorce, you prosecute her; 11
he drives her away 12 with his strong wind in the day of the east wind. 13
34:5 He says, 14 “Indeed, my sword has slaughtered heavenly powers. 15
Look, it now descends on Edom, 16
on the people I will annihilate in judgment.”
41:4 Who acts and carries out decrees? 17
Who 18 summons the successive generations from the beginning?
I, the Lord, am present at the very beginning,
and at the very end – I am the one. 19
52:6 For this reason my people will know my name,
for this reason they will know 20 at that time 21 that I am the one who says,
‘Here I am.’”
63:18 For a short time your special 22 nation possessed a land, 23
but then our adversaries knocked down 24 your holy sanctuary.
1 tn The words “he says” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
2 tn The pronominal element is masculine plural; the leaders are addressed.
3 tn The verb בָּעַר (ba’ar, “graze, ruin”; HALOT 146 s.v. II בער) is a homonym of the more common בָּעַר (ba’ar, “burn”; see HALOT 145 s.v. I בער).
4 sn The vineyard is a metaphor for the nation here. See 5:1-7.
5 tn Heb “the plunder of the poor [is] in your houses” (so NASB).
6 tn Heb “bent” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NRSV); NIV “are strung.”
7 tn Heb “regarded like flint.”
8 sn They are like a windstorm in their swift movement and in the way they kick up dust.
9 tn Or “ritually cleansed,” or “atoned for” (NIV).
10 tn Heb “to Eglaim [is] her wailing, and [to] Beer Elim [is] her wailing.”
11 tn The Hebrew text reads literally, “in [?], in sending her away, you oppose her.” The meaning of this line is uncertain. The form בְּסַאסְּאָה (bÿsa’ssÿ’ah) is taken as an infinitive from סַאסְּאָה (sa’ssÿ’ah) with a prepositional prefix and a third feminine singular suffix. (The MT does not have a mappiq in the final he [ה], however). According to HALOT 738 s.v. סַאסְּאָה the verb is a Palpel form from an otherwise unattested root cognate with an Arabic verb meaning “to gather beasts with a call.” Perhaps it means “to call, summon” here, but this is a very tentative proposal. בְּשַׁלְחָהּ (bÿshalkhah, “in sending her away”) appears to be a Piel infinitive with a prepositional prefix and a third feminine singular suffix. Since the Piel of שָׁלָח (shalakh) can sometimes mean “divorce” (HALOT 1514-15 s.v.) and the following verb רִיב (riv, “oppose”) can be used in legal contexts, it is possible that divorce proceedings are alluded to here. This may explain why Israel is referred to as feminine in this verse, in contrast to the masculine forms used in vv. 6-7 and 9.
12 tn The Hebrew text has no object expressed, but one can understand a third feminine singular pronominal object and place a mappiq in the final he (ה) of the form to indicate the suffix.
13 sn The “east wind” here symbolizes violent divine judgment.
14 tn The words “he says” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The Lord speaks at this point.
15 tn Heb “indeed [or “for”] my sword is drenched in the heavens.” The Qumran scroll 1QIsaa has תראה (“[my sword] appeared [in the heavens]”), but this is apparently an attempt to make sense out of a difficult metaphor. Cf. NIV “My sword has drunk its fill in the heavens.”
sn In v. 4 the “host of the heaven” refers to the heavenly luminaries (stars and planets, see, among others, Deut 4:19; 17:3; 2 Kgs 17:16; 21:3, 5; 23:4-5; 2 Chr 33:3, 5) that populate the divine/heavenly assembly in mythological and prescientific Israelite thought (see Job 38:7; Isa 14:13). As in 24:21, they are viewed here as opposing God and being defeated in battle.
16 sn Edom is mentioned here as epitomizing the hostile nations that oppose God.
17 tn Heb “Who acts and accomplishes?”; NASB “Who has performed and accomplished it.”
18 tn The interrogative particle is understood by ellipsis (note the preceding line).
19 tn Heb “I, the Lord, [am with] the first, and with the last ones I [am] he.”
20 tn The verb is understood by ellipsis (note the preceding line).
21 tn Heb “in that day” (so KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV).
22 tn Or “holy” (ASV, NASB, NRSV, TEV, NLT).
23 tn Heb “for a short time they had a possession, the people of your holiness.”
24 tn Heb “your adversaries trampled on.”